MULTIPLE SITE OPTICAL RECORDING OF MEMBRANE POTENTIAL

某些物质，当结合到神经元，心脏和 骨骼肌、唾液腺泡和其他细胞， 膜电位的指标。 这些的光学性质 分子，最值得注意的是荧光和吸光度，以线性变化， 具有潜力的时尚，因此可用于监测行动 电位、突触电位或膜电压的其他变化， 一次大量的网站，而无需使用 个电极 我们建议开发更灵敏的探针， 与它们使用相关的技术，并使用这些分子 迄今为止光学记录膜电位的电压表 单个神经元难以到达的区域，如轴突和神经内分泌 终端和轴突和树突的过程，并从许多网站 同时在小的神经元集合体和电合体中， 来研究活动的时空模式。 首先，我们打算使用一个基于计算机的系统， 跨膜电压记录（MSORTV），已构建， 能够监测膜电位的变化， 记录整个合胞体的电活动模式 (such作为腺体组织），并研究真正简单的 神经系统--人工构建的突触小集合 连接的无脊椎动物中枢神经元保持在文化-由 用光学的方式记录所有组件的电活动 同步 其次，我们建议使用这种设备，与氩离子激光灯 源，以记录膜电位的变化，从单一的精细过程 原位神经元，在无脊椎动物神经元内，并在组织中分离 文化 这些结构不能被微电极穿透， 经常太远，电，他们的活动反映 在索马塔。 最后，我们期望利用电位的光学性质， 探测器，以及我们的多站点光学记录能力， 脊椎动物神经末梢的潜在变化， 神经末梢动作电位的形状改变， 释放神经肽。

Certain substances, when bound to the membranes of neurons, cardiac and skeletal muscle, salivary acini, and other cells, behave as molecular indicators of membrane potential. The optical properties of these molecules, most notably fluorescence and absorbance, vary in a linear fashion with potential and may, therefore, be used to monitor action potentials, synaptic potentials, or other changes in membrane voltage from a large number of sites at once, without the necessity of using electrodes. We propose to develop more sensitive probes, to extend the technology associated with their use, and to employ these molecular voltmeters for optical recording of membrane potential from hitherto inaccessible regions of single neurons such as axon an neuroendocrine terminals and axonal and dendritic processes and from many sites simultaneously in small assemblages of neurons and in electrical syncitia, in order to study the spatial and temporal patterning of activity. First, we intend to use a computer based system for Multiple Site Optical Recording of Transmembrane Voltage (MSORTV), already constructed and capable of monitoring changes in membrane potential from as many as 124 loci at once, to record patterns of electrical activity throughout syncitia (such as glandular tissue), and to study the properties of truly simple nervous systems -- small artificially constructed ensembles of synaptically connected invertebrate central neurons maintained in culture -- by recording electrical activiy optically from all of their components simultaneously. Second, we propose to use this appratus, with an Argon ion laser light source, to record membrane potential changes from fine processes of single neurons in situ, within an invertebrate neuropil, and isolated in tissue culture. These structures are not penetrable by microelectrodes and are frequently too far away, electrically, for their activity to be reflected in the somata. Finally, we expect to exploit the optical properties of potentiometric probes, and our multiple site optical recording capability, to detect potential changes in vertebrate nerve terminals, and to correlate alterations in the shape of the nerve terminal action potential with the release of neuropeptides.