RESEARCH COUNCILS UK ENERGY PROGRAMME: ENERGY STRATEGY FELLOWSHIP

这项工作有两个主要目标：a)制定路线图，帮助研究理事会和其他机构以有助于实现英国能源政策目标的方式规划他们的研究活动；b)开展一项研究计划，评估不同国家如何有效地在不同技术领域开展能源研发活动，以期吸取经验教训，以便更成功地执行政策。路线图将由一份顶级文件组成，它将成为更高级别的能源战略与更具体的个别技术研发计划之间的桥梁。其目的是一方面提高能源政策与能源研究活动的一致性。这份顶级文件将辅之以针对碳捕获和封存或不同形式的可再生能源等个别技术领域的基于网络的路线图。需求方面的技术，例如交通和建筑方面的技术，也将被涵盖。鉴于技术和人类行为之间的相互作用，特别是在需求方面，社会科学家以及科学家和工程师将参与其中。路线图将解决技术需求以及培训和能力建设的需求。路线图将通过与政策制定者和研发资助者的访谈以及通过促进技术研讨会和战略研讨会的组合来制定，这些研讨会吸引了更广泛的利益攸关方。研究方案的第一项任务是为不同国家的不同能源技术规划“创新系统”。我们打算覆盖少数欧盟国家，美国和中国。该地图将涵盖机构及其角色、网络和研究能力。这项任务将通过文献分析和在相关国家的采访来执行。我们亦会研究国际上的创新制度，例如透过教育和培训，以及跨国公司的活动。第二项工作是制订和分析不同创新制度下研发活动的成效。许多国家打算实现能源系统的根本性转变，例如通过转向低碳技术。我们将利用创新理论的一个新分支--“转变理论”来制定有效性的衡量标准。最后，我们将与专家一起审查研发活动有效性分析的假设和结果，并就如何提高能源研发计划的成功及其对能源政策的贡献得出结论。

This work has two principal aims: a) to develop a roadmap that will help the Research Councils and others to plan their research activities in ways that will contribute to the achievement of the UK's energy policy goals; and b) to conduct a programme of research that will assess how effectively different countries conduct their energy research and development (R&D) activities in different technology areas with a view to learning lessons for the more successful execution of policy.The roadmap will consist of a top-level document which will act as a bridge between higher level energy strategies and more specific R&D plans for individual technologies. The aim is to improve the coherence of energy policy on the one hand and energy research activities on the other. The top-level document will be supplemented by web-based roadmaps for individual technology areas such as carbon capture and storage or different forms of renewable energy. Demand-side technologies, for example for transport and buildings, will also be covered. Given the interplay between technology and human behaviour, especially on the demand side, social scientists as well as scientists and engineers will be involved. The roadmaps will address both technological needs and needs for training and capacity-building. The roadmaps will be produced through interviews with policymakers and R&D funders and through a mixture of facilitated technical workshops and strategic workshops engaging a wider range of stakeholders.The first task in the research programme is to map out "systems of innovation" for different energy technologies in different countries. We intend to cover a small number of EU countries, the US and China. The mapping will cover institutions and their roles, networks and research capacity. The task will be carried out through documentary analysis and interviews in the relevant countries. We will also look at systems of innovation internationally, for example through education and training, and the activities of multinational companies.The second task will be to develop and analyse measures for the effectiveness of R&D activities in different systems of innovation. Many countries intend to achieve fundamental transitions in their energy systems, for example by moving to low-carbon technologies. We will draw on a new branch of innovation theory, "transitions theory", to develop measures of effectiveness.Finally, we will review hypotheses and findings from the analysis of the effectiveness of R&D activities with experts and draw conclusions about how the success of energy R&D programmes and their contributions to energy policy can be improved.