REFIT: Personalised Retrofit Decision Support Tools for UK Homes using Smart Home Technology

热效率改造选择、电器升级和现场可再生能源是为英国家庭提供能源需求减少的重要机会。通过隔热和密封性（特别是在20世纪80年代以前的住房中）减少热损失的潜力，升级家用电器库存（使用最新的节能模型）以及集成现场可再生能源和微型发电（发展“产消”文化并减少能源费用）仍然在很大程度上没有实现。在向消费者提供改造解决方案方面存在许多挑战，这些建议将促进行为改变并影响购买决定。目前，消费者的资料是根据标称房屋类型的标准化方法得出的，由此得出的节约能源的预测与实际情况几乎没有什么相似之处，因为住宅的热效率、供暖系统和电器的效率、占用情况、用户行为和偏好将对改造措施的有效性和采用产生重大影响。一种解决方案是为消费者提供个性化、准确和值得信赖的节能措施预测，这些措施是根据他们的居住和生活模式进行校准和量身定制的，并以一种参与和促进行动的形式呈现。该提案将通过实施一种全面的方法，为消费者提供个性化的、量身定制的改造建议，以最大限度地提高消费者的参与度，从而促进英国家庭广泛采用改造措施。智能家居技术提供了一个独特的机会，利用实时测量、先进的数据分析、数字信号处理和通信技术、新颖的可视化、语义网和云计算技术，在不同的抽象层次上为明智和合理的决策提供建议。智能家居概念目前正获得巨大的动力，开放系统、简单使用和安装功能（即插即用）、移动接入（即智能手机）和连接性的新发展使这一概念引起了能源公司、信息通信技术公司和家电制造商的注意。IBM对智能家居的愿景给出了三个特征：1)仪表化（传感器和家庭活动自动化）；2)互联（设备和更广泛的网络之间的通信-允许远程访问和控制设备）；3)智能（“基于数据做出决策的能力，从而产生更好的结果”）。智能家居为消费者提供了更多的控制他们的家庭和能源系统，更重要的是，如何通过干预来降低他们的能源需求和成本。该提案汇集了一个由建筑、信息通信技术、能源、设计和用户专家组成的多学科团队，为建筑围护结构改造、供暖系统和电器更换采购以及现场可再生能源整合开发一个个性化的决策支持平台。这将为英国家庭提供更准确的改造建议，从而实现低能源和低碳的未来住房存量。其成果将有利于：能源、信息通信技术、嵌入式系统和电信公司开发智能家居服务的技术和商业模式；消费者降低能源费用，提高家庭的安全、保障和舒适度；建筑构件、锅炉和家电制造商开发下一代低能耗产品；为政策制定者提供创新方法的新见解，以满足英国能源系统的安全性、可负担性和碳减排愿望。

Thermal efficiency retrofit options, appliance upgrades and on-site renewables represent a significant opportunity to deliver energy demand reductions to UK homes. The potential to reduce thermal heat losses through insulation and airtightness (in particular in pre-1980s housing), upgrade the household appliance stock (using the latest energy saving models) and integrated on-site renewables and microgeneration (developing a 'prosumer' culture and reducing energy bills) still remains largely unrealised. There are a number of challenges in providing advice for retrofit solutions to consumers which will promote behaviour change and influence purchasing decisions. Currently consumer information is based on standardised methodologies for nominal house types and the resulting predictions of energy savings have minimal resemblance to reality where the thermal efficiency of the dwelling, efficiency of heating system and appliances, occupancy, user behaviour and preferences will have a significant impact on the effectiveness and uptake of retrofit measures. One solution is to provide consumers with personalised, accurate and trustworthy predictions of energy saving measures which are calibrated and tailored to their dwelling and living patterns, presented in a format to engage and promote action. This proposal will facilitate a widespread uptake of retrofit measures in UK homes by implementing a holistic approach to providing consumers with personalised, tailored retrofit advice delivered using methods to maximise consumer engagement. Smart Home technology provides a unique opportunity to use real-time measurements, advanced data analytics, digital signal processing and communications techniques, novel visualisation, semantic web and cloud computing technologies to generate advice at different levels of abstraction for informed and justified decision making. The Smart Home concept is currently gaining significant momentum and new developments in open systems, simple use and installation features (ie plug and play), mobile access (ie Smart Phones) and connectivity have brought the concept to the attention of energy companies, ICT companies and appliance manufacturers. The IBM vision of a Smart(er) Home gives three characteristics: 1) Instrumented (sensors and automation of household activities); 2) Interconnected (communication between devices and wider networks - allowing remote access and control of devices); and 3) Intelligent ('the ability to make decisions based on data, leading to better outcomes'). Smart Homes provide consumers with more control over their homes and energy systems and, importantly, how their energy demand and costs can be reduced through interventions. This proposal brings together a multi-disciplinary team of building, ICT, energy, design and user experts to develop a personalised decision support platform for building envelope retrofits, heating system and appliance replacement purchases, and on-site renewables integration. This will deliver a step-change in the provision and accuracy of retrofit advice to UK householders leading to a low-energy and low-carbon future housing stock. The outcomes will be of benefit to: energy, ICT, embedded systems and telecommunication companies developing technology and business models for Smart Home services; consumers to lower their energy bills and improve the safety, security and comfort of their homes; building component, boiler and appliance manufacturers developing the next generation of low-energy products; and policy makers for new insights into innovative approaches to meeting the security, affordability and carbon reduction aspirations of the UK energy system.