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Space weather effects on airline communications in the high latitude regions

空间天气对高纬度地区航空通信的影响

基本信息

批准号：
EP/K008781/1
负责人：
Mike Warrington
金额：
$ 44.23万
依托单位：
University of Leicester
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2013 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FK008781%2F1
关键词：
Space weather effects airline communications

项目摘要

Efficient air traffic management depends on reliable communications between aircraft and the air traffic control centres. However there is a lack of ground infrastructure in the Arctic to support communications via the standard VHF links (and over the Arctic Ocean such links are impossible) and communication via geostationary satellites is not possible above about 82 degrees latitude because of the curvature of the Earth. Thus for the high latitude flights it is necessary to use high frequency (HF) radio for communication. HF radio relies on reflections from the ionosphere to achieve long distance communication round the curve of the Earth. Unfortunately the high latitude ionosphere is affected by space weather disturbances that can disrupt communications. These disturbances originate with events on the Sun such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections that send out particles that are guided by the Earth's magnetic field into the regions around the poles. During such events HF radio communication can be severely disrupted and aircraft are forced to use longer low latitude routes with consequent increased flight time, fuel consumption and cost. Often, the necessity to land and refuel for these longer routes further increases the fuel consumption. The work described in this proposal cannot prevent the space weather disturbances and their effects on radio communication, but by developing a detailed understanding of the phenomena and using this to provide space weather information services the disruption to flight operations can be minimised. The occurrence of ionospheric disturbances and disruption of radio communication follows the 11-year cycle in solar activity. During the last peak in solar activity a number of events caused disruption of trans-Atlantic air routes. Disruptions to radio communications in recent years have been less frequent as we were at the low phase of the solar cycle. However, in the next few years there will be an upswing in solar activity that will produce a consequent increase in radio communications problems. The increased use of trans-polar routes and the requirement to handle greater traffic density on trans-Atlantic routes both mean that maintaining reliable high latitude communications will be even more important in the future.

高效的空中交通管理取决于飞机与空中交通管制中心之间的可靠通信。然而，北极缺乏支持通过标准 VHF 链路进行通信的地面基础设施（在北冰洋上这种链路是不可能的），并且由于地球曲率，在大约 82 度纬度以上无法通过对地静止卫星进行通信。因此，对于高纬度飞行，有必要使用高频（HF）无线电进行通信。高频无线电依靠电离层的反射来实现绕地球曲线的长距离通信。不幸的是，高纬度电离层受到太空天气干扰的影响，可能会中断通信。这些扰动源于太阳上的事件，例如太阳耀斑和日冕物质抛射，这些事件会发出由地球磁场引导到两极周围区域的粒子。在此类事件中，高频无线电通信可能会受到严重干扰，飞机被迫使用更长的低纬度航线，从而增加飞行时间、燃油消耗和成本。通常，这些较长航线需要着陆和加油，这会进一步增加燃料消耗。该提案中描述的工作无法防止空间天气干扰及其对无线电通信的影响，但通过详细了解这种现象并利用其提供空间天气信息服务，可以最大限度地减少对飞行运行的干扰。电离层扰动和无线电通信中断的发生遵循太阳活动的 11 年周期。在太阳活动的最后一个高峰期间，许多事件导致跨大西洋航线中断。近年来，由于我们正处于太阳活动周期的低谷阶段，无线电通信中断的频率较低。然而，在未来几年中，太阳活动将会加剧，从而导致无线电通信问题的增加。跨极地航线的使用增加以及处理跨大西洋航线上更大的交通密度的要求都意味着维持可靠的高纬度通信在未来将变得更加重要。