IDEATIONAL APRAXIA

处理实践的理论模型将行动计划分成两部分 分为两个主要组成部分：高管概念系统和 生产系统。我们将概念性失用定义为概念性失用 脑损伤患者失去概念的障碍 与工具使用相关的知识，但不一定与性能相关 知识。我们认为这种概念障碍可能发生在 3个不同级别：1.脑损伤患者可能无法 将工具或仪器与一个或多个对象关联 通常会收到那个工具的动作。例如，一位病人 可能无法将锤子与钉子(工具对象)相关联 关系知识)。2.病人可能已经失去了知识，因为 什么类型的机械作用由给定的工具或 完成一个动作(工具)需要什么类型的机械动作 行动关系知识)。例如，当给予锤子时， 一个人应该敲打而不是扭动。3.最后，病人可能会失败 要理解问题的机械本质以及 工具可能提供的机械优势(机械知识)。 在这笔赠款中，我们计划研究这些潜在概念 偏侧脑损伤患者的精神障碍。尽管它 工具-对象知识、工具动作知识和 机械知识可以扩散地或双边地表示， 众所周知，在人类中，我们的许多知识 关于世界的描述是片面的或不对称的。我们 因此，我想了解有关工具使用的概念是否也 不对称的或单方面地呈现的。De Renzi等人。 认为概念性失用与语言有关 理解障碍。我们计划的研究将试图了解 如果这些概念障碍与语言有关或无关 理解障碍。我们还想知道，如果 实践概念系统是相关的，也可以独立地发生 实践生产系统中的紊乱。最后，我们想要 了解与以下因素相关的解剖损伤的性质 这些实践就是执行障碍。

Theoretical models that deal with praxis divide the action plan into two major components: an executive-conceptual system and a production system. We define ideational apraxia as a conceptual disorder where a brain damaged patient has lost conceptual knowledge related to tool use and not necessarily performance knowledge. We propose that this conceptual disorder may occur at 3 different levels: 1. a brain damaged patient may not be able to associate a tool or instrument with the object or objects that usually receive the action of that tool. For example, a patient may not be able to associate a hammer with a nail (tool object relationship knowledge). 2. A patient may have lost knowledge as to what type of mechanical action is performed by a given tool or what type of mechanical action is needed to complete an act (tool action relationship knowledge). For example, when given a hammer, one should pound rather than twist. 3. Lastly, a patient may fail to understand the mechanical nature of problems as well as the mechanical advantages that tool may afford (mechanical knowledge). In this grant, we plan to study these potential conceptual disorders in patients with lateralized brain damage. Although it is possible that tool-object knowledge, tool action knowledge and mechanical knowledge may be diffusely or bilaterally represented, it has been well established that in man much of our knowledge about the world is represented unilaterally or asymmetrically. We therefore want to learn if the concepts about tool use are also asymmetrically or unilaterally presented. De Renzi, et al. suggested that ideational apraxia is associated with language comprehension disorders. Our planned studies will attempt to learn if these conceptual disorders are or are not related to language comprehension disorders. We also want to learn if disorders of the praxis conceptual system are related or can occur independently of disorders in the praxis production systems. Lastly, we want to learn the nature of the anatomic lesions that are associated with these praxis executive disorders.