Challenging RISK: Achieving Resilience by Integrating Societal and Technical Knowledge

挑战风险：通过整合社会和技术知识实现弹性

• 批准号: EP/K022377/1
• 负责人: Tiziana Rossetto
• 金额: $ 208.18万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FK022377%2F1
• 关键词: Challenging; RISK; Achieving; Resilience; Integrating

This project is concerned with socially integrated mitigation of multiple structural risks in the urban environment, with a focus on the linked risks of earthquake and fire. Fire is the largest contributor to building damage following earthquakes. To date, this research area has largely been ignored as it crosses the boundaries between the knowledge areas of earthquake and fire safety engineering. The combination of factors adds to the challenges in risk estimation already existing in each distinct area. There is currently no universally accepted method for accounting for the effect of strengthening practices on building vulnerability to earthquakes (let alone earthquakes followed by fire). In the case of fire safety engineering, few credible techniques for damage estimation or risk-based design currently exist due to a lack of requisite input data. This project will develop, through large scale structural testing and computational analysis, new technical engineering solutions to these problems. And, for the first time, these technical engineering solutions will be developed explicitly accounting for the social context within which they are to be enacted. 21st Century engineering must provide effective and practical multi-hazard risk mitigation solutions against a background of growing urbanisation, overstretched services and vulnerable infrastructure. Thus, Challenging RISK will develop and holistically optimise strategies for the mitigation of multi-hazard risks, leading to resilient physical infrastructure within local communities. It proposes fundamental engineering research leading to new understanding of the response of existing concrete structures to earthquake and fire, with a long-term view to extend the lessons learned to other hazards. Simultaneously, it will design and implement effective mitigation promotion campaigns by extending existing research on individual and societal risk perception to community level through adoption of participatory citizen science techniques. The interaction with communities, local authorities and construction industry, will also feed back into the experimental programme, such that only structural strengthening options that meet the requirements of these stakeholders will be investigated. Our ultimate goal is to increase the uptake of structural and non-structural mitigation measures, resulting in reduced life and economic losses.We will produce new knowledge on the performance of existing reinforced concrete structures subjected to earthquake and fire hazards (individually and in sequence), with the aim of developing an integrated framework for performance-based assessment and structural mitigation. We will engage with communities to define "acceptable" performances, inform the technical programme and the means for effective implementation. Large-scale experimental studies will be carried out on structural elements and sub-assemblages representing non-seismically designed buildings that have been strengthened for improved seismic response using fibre reinforced polymers (FRP). The elements will be subjected to seismic loads and then to fire (and vice-versa). They will provide information for the design of FRP strengthening to achieve multiple performance states under the fire and earthquake loads. In parallel, action-oriented research, where interventions are carried out at both the technical and social levels, will be used to develop an understanding of risk perception and representation of fire and seismic risk at the individual and community levels, with specific interventions carried out in London, Seattle, and Osaka. This will be done, for example, through seismic monitoring combined with perceptions surveys using smartphones, and recording fire risks and incidents using social media. The results of this part of the study will assist in the development of effective communication to raise awareness, leading to action.

该项目关注城市环境中多种结构性风险的社会综合缓解，重点关注地震和火灾的相关风险。火灾是造成地震后建筑物损坏的最大原因。迄今为止，这一研究领域在很大程度上被忽视，因为它跨越了地震和消防安全工程知识领域的界限。这些因素的结合增加了在每个不同领域已经存在的风险评估的挑战。目前还没有普遍接受的方法来说明加固措施对建筑抗震能力的影响（更不用说地震后的火灾了）。就消防安全工程而言，由于缺乏必要的输入数据，目前几乎没有可靠的损害估计或基于风险的设计技术。该项目将通过大规模的结构测试和计算分析，为这些问题开发新的技术工程解决方案。而且，这些技术工程解决方案将第一次明确地考虑到它们将被制定的社会背景。21世纪的工程必须在不断发展的城市化、服务过度紧张和基础设施脆弱的背景下，提供有效和实用的多灾害风险缓解解决方案。因此，挑战风险将制定并全面优化减轻多重灾害风险的战略，从而在当地社区内建立具有复原力的物理基础设施。它建议进行基础工程研究，以对现有混凝土结构对地震和火灾的反应有新的认识，并以长远的眼光将吸取的经验教训扩展到其他危害。同时，它将设计和实施有效的缓解宣传活动，通过采用参与式公民科学技术，将现有的个人和社会风险认知研究扩展到社区一级。与社区、地方当局和建筑工业的互动也将反馈到实验方案中，以便只调查符合这些利益攸关方要求的结构加强方案。我们的最终目标是增加结构性和非结构性缓解措施的采用，从而减少生命和经济损失。我们将产生关于现有钢筋混凝土结构在地震和火灾危险下的性能（单独和依次）的新知识，目的是为基于性能的评估和结构缓解制定一个综合框架。我们将与社区合作，确定“可接受”的绩效，为技术方案和有效实施的手段提供信息。大规模的实验研究将在结构元件和子组合上进行，这些结构元件和子组合代表了使用纤维增强聚合物（FRP）加强以改善地震反应的非抗震设计建筑物。这些构件将承受地震载荷，然后再承受火灾（反之亦然）。它们将为FRP加固设计提供信息，以实现火灾和地震荷载下的多种性能状态。与此同时，面向行动的研究，即在技术和社会层面进行干预，将用于在个人和社区层面发展对火灾和地震风险的风险感知和表现的理解，并在伦敦、西雅图和大阪进行具体干预。例如，将地震监测与智能手机的感知调查相结合，以及使用社交媒体记录火灾风险和事故。这部分研究的结果将有助于发展有效的沟通，以提高认识，从而采取行动。

项目成果

Selected Modern Methods and Tools for Public Participation in Urban Planning - A Review

公众参与城市规划的现代方法和工具精选——综述

• DOI: 10.2478/quageo-2018-0030
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Quaestiones Geographicae
• 影响因子: 1
• 作者: Haklay M

Exploring new ways of digital engagement: a study on how mobile mapping and applications can contribute to disaster preparedness

探索数字参与的新方式：关于移动测绘和应用程序如何促进备灾的研究

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Fagg G

Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering

地震工程百科全书

• DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_249-1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Ioannou I

Citizen Science & Geographical Technologies: creativity, learning, and engagement.

公民科学

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Haklay M

Empirical seismic vulnerability assessment of Icelandic buildings affected by the 2000 sequence of earthquakes

受 2000 年序列地震影响的冰岛建筑的地震脆弱性实证评估

• DOI: 10.1007/s10518-018-0413-x
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Ioannou I