MOTOR CONTROL IN PRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

生产和开发中的电机控制

• 批准号: 2267631
• 负责人: RODERICK Atkins SUTHERS
• 金额: $ 11.95万
• 依托单位: TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-05-01 至 1994-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2267631
• 关键词: Aves; animal age group; animal communication behavior; electromyography; respiratory airflow measurement; respiratory airway pressure; respiratory muscles; sensorimotor system; sound

This research focuses on basic problems in the sensorimotor control and development of complex vocal communication in songbirds. Songbirds provide an excellent model in which to study issues important both to students of animal communication and to those of human speech. Except for man, songbirds are the only animal in which learning plays an important role in the development of complex vocal signals. Songbirds were also the first animal model for central lateralization of vocal motor control analogous to cerebral dominance in human speech. Studies on the neuroethology of birdsong provide a way of experimentally evaluating a variety of concepts important to understanding human speech among which are included the possibility of special phonetic processing in the production and perception of vocal signals, the motor theory of speech perception and the function of central lateralization. These experiments utilize a new technique in which microbead thermistors are placed in each bronchus to record air movement associated with respiration and phonation. Respiratory pressure and the pattern of electrical activity of muscles comprising the vocal organ can also be measured. For the first time it is possible to directly monitor the sound produced and motor activity occurring on each side of the intact syrinx during song. Specific questions to be addressed include: What acoustic contribution does each side of the syrinx make to song? How is activity on the two sides coordinated? Can each side act independently of the other? Is song from a normal syrinx lateralized and if so does this originate centrally (analogous to cerebral dominance in human speech) or peripherally (thus being inappropriate as an animal analog of hemispheric dominance in speech)? What are the motor correlates responsible for specific vocal gestures or phonetic elements of song and how do they develop in the young bird? How are the sometimes conflicting, but interdependent, motor demands of respiratory ventilation integrated with song production? What differences with respect to the preceding questions are there between birds which retain a highly variable plastic song as adults verses those with a crystallized, more stereotyped song? The proposed experiments on adult birds thus address fundamental problems of broad interest. These include the peripheral control and execution of complex central motor patterns; the nature and function of lateralized motor control at both the central and peripheral levels; the motor correlates of specific vocal gestures including the possibility of a special phonetic processing for the production of vocal communication; the use of the same peripheral structure in different behaviors such as vocalization and respiration. Studies on young birds will in addition make a significant contribution toward a better understanding of ontogenetic aspects of sensorimotor development of vocalizations for communication; motor correlates of impressionable periods and the possible role of motor learning.

本研究的重点是感觉运动控制中的基本问题 以及鸣禽复杂声音交流的发展。 鸣禽 提供了一个很好的模型来研究重要的问题， 动物交流和人类语言的学生。 除了 人类，鸣禽是唯一一种学习起重要作用的动物。 在复杂声音信号的发展中的作用。 鸣禽也是 第一种用于发声运动控制的中枢偏侧化的动物模型 类似于大脑在人类语言中的优势。 的研究 鸟鸣的神经行为学提供了一种实验评估 对理解人类语言很重要的各种概念，其中包括 在制作中加入了特殊语音处理的可能性 和声音信号的感知，言语感知的运动理论， 中央偏侧化功能。 这些实验利用了一种新技术， 在每个支气管中放置热敏电阻，以记录相关的空气流动 与呼吸和发声有关。 呼吸压力和呼吸模式 包括发声器官的肌肉的电活动也可以 测定了 第一次可以直接监听声音 在完整的空洞的每一侧产生和运动活动 在唱歌的时候。 需要解决的具体问题包括： 鸣管的两侧对歌曲的贡献？活动怎么样 双方协调？每一方能独立于另一方行动吗？ 正常的鸣管发出的声音是否偏侧，如果是， 中枢（类似于人类语言中的大脑优势）或外周 (thus作为大脑半球优势的动物类比是不合适的， 演讲）？什么是运动相关负责具体的声乐 歌曲的手势或语音元素以及它们如何在年轻人中发展 小鸟？有时相互冲突，但又相互依赖的运动需求 呼吸换气与歌曲创作的结合什么 关于前面的问题，鸟类之间存在差异。 它们在成年后保留了一种高度可变的塑料歌曲， 更具体更老套的歌吗 因此，拟议中的成年鸟类实验解决了基本问题。 广泛关注的问题。 其中包括外围控制和 执行复杂的中央运动模式;的性质和功能 在中枢和外周水平的偏侧运动控制; 运动相关的具体声乐手势，包括可能性， 一种特殊的语音处理，用于产生语音通信; 在不同的行为中使用相同的外围结构， 发声和呼吸。 对幼鸟的研究还将使 对更好地理解个体发育的重要贡献 交流发声的感觉运动发展方面; 易受影响时期的运动相关因素和运动的可能作用 学习