Sensorimotor control of the oropharynx and esophagus

口咽和食道的感觉运动控制

• 批准号: 8211837
• 负责人: RODERICK Atkins SUTHERS
• 金额: $ 30.1万
• 依托单位: INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-05-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8211837
• 关键词: Acoustics; Air; Animal Model; Auditory; Back; Behavior; Biochemical; Biological Models; Biomechanics; Birds; Brain; Brain Stem; Cell Nucleus; Cineradiography; Communication; Complex; Cranial Nerves; Data; Digital X-Ray; Dimensions; Dissection; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Elements; Esophageal; Esophagus; Fascia; Feedback; Frequencies; Gases; Goals; Head and neck structure; Human; In Vitro; Jaw; Knowledge; Learning; Ligaments; Light; MRI Scans; Maps; Measures; Mechanics; Modeling; Monitor; Morphology; Motor; Motor Neurons; Movement; Muscle; Nervous system structure; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Organ; Oropharyngeal; Output; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Performance; Physiological; Play; Production; Public Health; Research; Role; Route; Sensory; Site; Songbirds; Source; Speech; Speech Disorders; Speech Pathology; Speed; Structure; Stuttering; Syringes; Techniques; Tendon structure; Testing; Tracer; Tracheostomy procedure; Trigeminal Nuclei; Trigeminal System; Vagus nerve structure; X-Ray Computed Tomography; base; bird song; improved; in vivo; kinematics; neuromuscular; neurophysiology; pressure; programs; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sensory feedback; skeletal; somatosensory; sound frequency; speech fluency disorder; vocal control; vocal learning; vocalization

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Songbirds are one of the few animal models for human speech in which it is possible to experimentally investigate basic physiological and acoustic challenges associated with producing complex, learned vocalizations. Parallels between the production of speech and birdsong have recently been strengthened by the discovery in birds of new song-related motor programs that modulate the dimensions of the supra glottal vocal tract, causing it to act as a variable resonance filter that tracks the fundamental frequency of sound generated in the vocal organ. The following research focuses on sensorimotor control of the oropharyngeal-esophageal cavity (OEC), which dominates the vocal tract filter. A long-term goal is to increase our understanding of how the nervous system controls complex behaviors. The first specific aim is to perform a detailed functional morphological analysis of the songbird head and neck, using micro dissection, MRI and CT scan. The data obtained will be combined with that from cineradiography of vocal tract movements during song. The resulting kinematic model will be elaborated by the addition of in vivo and in vitro measures of biophysical, physiological and biochemical factors determining the contractile performance of the relevant vocal tract muscles. The inclusion of these data in the model will make it possible to convert the kinematic model into a dynamic 3D biomechanical model of song-related vocal tract movements. The second specific aim investigates the role of sensory feedback in the OEC's ability to keep its resonance frequency tuned to the song's fundamental frequency, which is controlled by the syrinx. Cineradiography will be combined with manipulation of sensory feedback by deafening, pitch shifting vocal output or altering the fundamental frequency to determine the role of sensory feedback in controlling vocal tract filters so their resonance matches the fundamental frequency. The possible role of somatosensory feedback in tuning the vocal tract filter will also be investigated. The third specific aim will use neuroanatomical and neurophysiological techniques to map the premotor pathways of the cranial nerves in order to identify the neural pathways by which auditory information accesses the motoneurons to muscles of the upper vocal tract and to look for possible neural connections to the brain's song control nuclei, which controls the vocal organ. Songbirds provide a valuable model system in which to investigate some of the control mechanisms relevant to various speech pathologies that are important to public health. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Disorders of speech are of substantial significance, yet animal models in which to study the physiological basis of learned vocal communication are surprisingly rare. The role of sensory feedback in motor coordination during speech production is poorly understood. The knowledge gained from this research will improve our understanding of the integration between the vocal organ and articulatory movements of the upper vocal tract and have implications for speech fluency disorders, including stuttering.

描述(申请人提供)：鸣禽是为数不多的人类语音动物模型之一，在该模型中，可以通过实验研究与产生复杂的、可学习的发声有关的基本生理和声学挑战。最近在鸟类身上发现了与唱歌相关的新运动程序，这种程序可以调节声门上声道的尺寸，使其充当一个可变的共振过滤器，跟踪发声器官产生的声音的基本频率，这加强了言语产生和鸟鸣之间的相似之处。接下来的研究重点是口咽-食管腔(OEC)的感觉运动控制，口咽-食管腔是声道滤器的主要部分。一个长期的目标是增加我们对神经系统如何控制复杂行为的理解。第一个具体目标是利用显微解剖、MRI和CT扫描对鸣禽的头部和颈部进行详细的功能形态分析。所获得的数据将与歌曲期间声道运动的放射电影摄影相结合。由此产生的运动学模型将通过添加决定相关声道肌肉收缩性能的生物物理、生理和生化因素的体内和体外测量来详细说明。将这些数据包括在模型中将有可能将运动学模型转换为与歌曲相关的声道运动的动态3D生物力学模型。第二个具体目的是研究感觉反馈在嗅觉细胞保持其共振频率的能力中所起的作用，该共振频率被调到歌曲的基频，该基频由空肠系膜控制。电影放射成像将与通过耳聋、音调改变声音输出或改变基频来操纵感觉反馈相结合，以确定感觉反馈在控制声道过滤器中的作用，使它们的共振与基频匹配。体感反馈在调谐声道滤光器中的可能作用也将被研究。第三个具体目标将使用神经解剖学和神经生理学技术来绘制脑神经的运动前路径，以确定听觉信息进入上声道肌肉的运动神经元的神经路径，并寻找可能的神经连接到控制发声器官的大脑歌曲控制核团。鸣禽提供了一个有价值的模型系统，用来研究与各种对公共健康重要的言语病理有关的一些控制机制。 与公共卫生相关：言语障碍具有重大意义，但用动物模型来研究习得性语音交流的生理基础却令人惊讶地少见。人们对感觉反馈在言语产生过程中运动协调中的作用知之甚少。从这项研究中获得的知识将提高我们对发声器官和上声道发音运动之间的整合的理解，并对包括口吃在内的言语流畅性障碍有一定的意义。