CONDITIONED COMPENSATORY RESPONSE TO ALCOHOL

有人认为，酗酒者的特点是条件性大 补偿反应，与酒精的影响方向相反，对 与酒精有关的线索。这一反应被认为在 酒精中毒和复发的病因学。的经典条件模型 药物依赖在动物文献中得到了广泛的支持。 来自该实验室的试验数据是第一个受控证据 受试者的条件性代偿反应，包括 脉搏传输时间缩短(“心跳”)和手指减少 皮肤温度和手指脉搏幅度(“冰冷的手”)。建议数 研究提供了对条件性代偿反应的关键测试 在人类受试者中的酒精暗示，并评估其在 酒精中毒的病因学。 第一个拟议的实验是受试者内部实现的 使用自主神经测量酒精反应的平衡安慰剂设计 和条件性补偿反应。16名男性社交饮酒者 将有一个独特的房间重复搭配酒精和 不同房间的安慰剂。在随后的安慰剂测试中 酒精屋有望复制条件性代偿反应 在飞行员数据中发现，在安慰剂室进行酒精测试是 预计会表现出容忍度的丧失。 第二个实验比较了条件反射的大小 非酒精性社交饮酒者的代偿反应 家族性酗酒与人格危险因素的高低 因为酗酒。有酗酒风险的受试者预计会出现 对酒精相关提示的更大的条件性补偿反应(例如， 在之前与酒精配对的房间里服用安慰剂)。 这项研究对酒精的病因学具有重要的意义 依赖，选择高危个人进行初级预防，以及 使用线索暴露疗法预防酗酒者复发。

It is proposed that alcoholics are characterized by large conditioned compensatory responses, opposite in direction to the effect of alcohol, to alcohol related cues. This response is thought to play a major role in the etiology of alcoholism and in relapse. The classical conditioning model of drug dependency has been extensively supported in the animal literature. Pilot data from this laboratory represents the first controlled evidence of the conditioned compensatory response in human subjects, which consisted of decreased pulse transmission time ("pounding heart") and decreased fingers skin temperature and finger pulse amplitude ("cold hands"). The proposed research provides a critical test of the conditioned compensatory response to alcohol cues in human subjects, and assesses its significance in the etiology of alcoholism. The first proposed experiment is a within-subject realization of the balanced placebo design using autonomic measures of the response to alcohol and the conditioned compensatory response. Sixteen male social drinkers will have repeated pairings of alcohol with one distinctive room and placebo with a different room. Subsequent testing with placebo in the alcohol room is expected to replicate the conditioned compensatory response found in pilot data, and testing with alcohol in the placebo room is expected to show loss of tolerance. The second experiment compares the magnitude of the conditioned compensatory response in nonalcoholic social drinkers with and without familial alcoholism and scoring high and low on a personality risk factor for alcoholism. Subjects at risk for alcoholism are expected to show larger conditioned compensatory responses to alcohol-related cues (e.g., placebo administered in a room previously paired with alcohol). The research has important implications for the etiology of alcohol dependency, selection of a at risk individuals for primary prevention, and the prevention of relapse in alcoholics using cue exposure therapy.