ZINC DEPRIVATION AND TERATOGENESIS

现在人们普遍认为，痕量金属在 哺乳动物的营养和代谢。尽管如此，直到相对 最近，人们假设膳食中锌的可利用性不是一个 对人类人口的主要关切。然而，进行了多项研究 全世界，包括西方人口都表示， 缺锌的边际水平实际上可能存在于人类群体中 而缺锌可能是由于缺锌或缺锌 饮食，或由于饮食中锌不足，或由于 这是多种条件因素的结果，包括怀孕。上一首 对啮齿动物的研究表明，短期缺锌 有明显的致畸作用。然而，相对较轻的锌病例 与啮齿动物的研究不同，剥夺与人类更相关 有问题。这方面的一个主要关切与孕妇有关。 我们如何才能最好地确定锌营养的最佳水平，特别是 关于它与胎儿发育的关系？此外，如果锌 缺乏对人类有有害的影响，这些都是吗？ 如果在怀孕早期发现，影响是可逆的吗？去调查 这些问题，在我们三年计划的过去两年里，我们有 使怀孕的非人类处于缺锌的边缘状态 灵长类，猕猴，并保持缺锌状态 在整个孕期和哺乳期。这些观察的结果 建议稍微缺锌的锌饮食，即使是在 怀孕，对产妇和新生儿的健康有显著影响。这些 影响因素包括营养状况、人体测量参数、 免疫功能，以及新生动物的行为。在继续进行中 我们希望在这一阶段的拨款中更直接地关注致畸 长期边际缺锌的影响，开始于1年前 怀孕，以及这些影响的可能可逆性。AS 如此一来，我们希望明确锌的补充作用对营养风险的影响 怀孕。我们还将继续关注 长期边际缺锌对子代的影响，并将主要关注 生长发育、免疫血液学功能及行为学 发展，特别关注潜在的发展障碍。

It is now generally recognized that trace metals play an important role in mammalian nutriture and metabolism. Nonetheless, until relatively recently, it was assumed that the availability of dietary zinc was not a major concern for human populations. However, multiple studies conducted throughout the world, including Western populations, have indicated that marginal levels of zinc deprivation may in fact exist in human populations and that zinc deficiency may occur as a result of either inadequate zinc in the diet, or as a result of either inadequate zinc in the diet, or as a result of multiple conditioning factors, including pregnancy. Previous studies in rodents have suggested that short periods of zinc deprivation were significantly teratogenic. However, relatively mild cases of zinc deprivation, unlike those studied in rodents, are more relevant to human problems. A major concern in this regard is related to pregnant women. How can we best determine the optimal level of zinc nutriture, especially in regard to its relationship to fetal development? Moreover, if zinc deficiency has detrimental influences in humans, are any of these influences reversible if identified early in pregnancy? To investigate these problems, over the past two years of our three year program we have induced a marginal state of zinc deficiency in the pregnant non-human primate, Macaca mulatta, and have maintained a state of zinc deprivation throughout gestation and lactation. The results of these observations suggest that a marginally zinc deficient zinc diet, even when begun after conception, has marked influences on maternal and newborn health. These influences include nutritional status, anthropometric parameters, immunologic function, and behavior of newborn animals. In the continuing phase of this grant we hope to focus more directly on teratogenic influences of long term marginal zinc deprivation, begun 1 year prior to pregnancy, as well as on the possible reversibility of these effects. As such, we hope to define the role of zinc repletion of nutritionally at risk pregnancies. We will also continue our attention on the effects of long-term marginal zinc deprivation on offspring and will focus primarily on growth and development, immunohematologic function and behavioral development with specific attention to potential development disabilities.