INHIBITORY PROCESS IN SELECTIVE ATTENTION AND AGING

选择性注意和衰老的抑制过程

• 批准号: 2049968
• 负责人: JOAN M MCDOWD
• 金额: $ 9.65万
• 依托单位: POMONA COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-09-01 至 1994-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2049968
• 关键词: age difference; aging; attention; auditory stimulus; autonomic nervous system; behavioral habituation /sensitization; cognition; human subject; memory; neural information processing; neural inhibition; neural initiation; psychometrics; psychomotor reaction time; psychophysiology; statistics /biometry; stimulus /response

DESCRIPTION (Author's Abstract): The present proposal tests the hypothesis that age-related declines in inhibitory function account for age differences in selective attention. Attention is a complex function of the nervous system involving a balance between the processes of facilitation and inhibition. It is postulated here that aging is associated with changes in the inhibitory control of behavior and age-related deficits in attentional functioning represent a disruption of the balance between facilitatory and inhibitory processes. The series of experiments in the present proposal was designed to examine the role of inhibitory processes in age differences in attention. Three experiments involve psychophysiological measures of attention in the autonomic nervous system. These studies are intended to examine physiological processes of habituation and inhibition, using orienting paradigms in which the autonomic orienting response is taken to reflect the allocation of attention. If the model of age-associated decline in inhibitory function is valid, this decline should be evidenced by reduced habituation to irrelevant information on the part of older adults. Three further experiments examine age differences in inhibitory processing in the context of the negative priming paradigm. The phenomenon of negative priming depends on efficient inhibitory processes, and so allows the straightforward prediction that older adults should exhibit reduced negative priming, or even none at all. The body of work proposed here tests a specific hypothesis about the locus of age differences in attentional functioning, and thus can make an important contribution to scientific understanding of aging and selective attention.

描述(作者摘要)：目前的提案验证了假设 与年龄相关的抑制功能下降是年龄增长的原因 选择性注意的差异。注意力是一种复杂的功能， 涉及促进过程之间的平衡的神经系统 和抑制。据推测，衰老与 行为抑制控制和年龄相关缺陷的变化 注意功能代表了大脑中 促进和抑制过程。实验中的一系列实验 本提案旨在研究抑制过程的作用。 在注意力上的年龄差异。三个实验涉及 自主神经系统中注意力的心理生理学测量。 这些研究的目的是检查生理过程中 习惯化和抑制，使用定向范式，其中 采用自主定向反应来反映脑功能的分配 请注意。如果年龄相关性抑制功能下降的模型 是有效的，这种下降应该从习惯性降低到 老年人方面的无关信息。再多三个 实验考察了在抑制加工中的年龄差异。 负向启动范式。负启动现象 依赖于有效的抑制过程，因此允许 直截了当地预测老年人应该表现出更少的 负启动，甚至根本不启动。在此建议的工作主体 测试了一个关于年龄差异轨迹的特定假设 注意功能，因此可以做出重要贡献 科学认识衰老和选择性注意。