Mindfulness-based Interventions for Healthy Aging: Elucidating Neural Mechanisms of Focused Attention and Open Monitoring

项目摘要 拟议的研究培训计划使用多模态EEG/fMRI方法来阐明心理治疗 基于正念的干预机制（MBIs）为老年人。尽管MBIs已经证明 虽然承诺解决快速老龄化人口的心理健康需求，但人们对如何解决这一问题知之甚少。 MBI在老年人身上确实有效。因此，这项建议的长期目标是填补这一空缺， 知识服务于推进健康老龄化的临床和基础科学。为此， 该项目是为了研究如何发展集中注意力（FA）和开放监测（OM）-MBI- 通过冥想练习训练的特定技能-影响情绪调节的神经行为测量 和认知控制作为老年人参与正念减压（MBSR）的功能。 本项目的潜在参与者和数据将来自纵向正念压力 减少，健康教育和运动（MEDEX; R 01 AG 049369）研究。而不是评估结果 测量前后MBSR，拟议的研究将创新地利用MEDEX父母样本， 比较完成正念减压疗法的老年参与者与对照组的FA/OM练习。这项研究将 成为第一个严格研究FA和OM冥想期间的神经活动如何与“关闭”相关的人之一 缓冲”情绪调节和认知控制的目标措施。此外，在功能磁共振成像和网络培训， 神经科学将被用来阐明MBSR对内在大脑连接的影响，并测试MBSR- 网络连接性的相关变化可以预测FA/OM冥想质量和心理治疗程度 效益 该项目的培训部分基于三个目标：（1）发展尖端功能磁共振成像的熟练程度 技术和数据科学编程;（2）获得进行基于正念的 老年人的干预研究;（3）追求跨学科合作，以推进研究， 老龄化和生殖科学的交叉点。培训将在三年内完成， 在相关的分析技术的直接指导，课程和研讨会的计划。此外，将 在与老年人进行研究时， 在老龄化和发展，认知神经科学，临床心理学和认知神经科学领域的学者， 科学完成拟议的研究和培训可以减轻与年龄相关的认知能力下降， 通过调整现有的MBIs来优化老年人的利益，从而导致更健康的老龄化， 人口

PROJECT SUMMARY The proposed research training plan uses a multimodal EEG/fMRI approach to elucidate the psychotherapeutic mechanisms of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for older adults. Although MBIs have demonstrated promise for addressing the mental health needs of a rapidly aging population, very little is known about how exactly MBIs work in the elderly. The long-term objective of this proposal is therefore to fill this dearth of knowledge in service of advancing the clinical and basic science of healthy aging. Toward this end, the focus of the project is to examine how the development of focused attention (FA) and open monitoring (OM)—MBI- specific skills trained through meditative practice—influence neurobehavioral measures of emotion regulation and cognitive control as a function of older adult participation in Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR). Prospective participants and data for this project will come from the longitudinal Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, Healthy Education and Exercise (MEDEX; R01 AG049369) study. Rather than evaluating outcome measures pre-post MBSR, the proposed research will innovatively leverage the MEDEX parent sample by comparing FA/OM practice in older adult participants whom completed MBSR relative to controls. The study will be one of the first to rigorously investigate how neural activity during FA and OM meditation relates to “off-the- cushion” target measures of emotion regulation and cognitive control. Moreover, training in fMRI and network neuroscience will be used to elucidate the effects of MBSR on intrinsic brain connectivity and test whether MBSR- related changes in network connectivity can predict FA/OM meditation quality and degree of psychotherapeutic benefit. The training component of the project is grounded on three goals: (1) develop proficiency in cutting-edge fMRI techniques and data science programming; (2) acquire the requisite skills to conduct mindfulness-based intervention research for older adults; (3) pursue interdisciplinary collaborations to advance research at the intersection of aging and contemplative science. The training will be completed over three years via an intensive program of direct mentoring, coursework, and workshops in relevant analytic techniques. Furthermore, there will be hands-on immersion in conducting research with older adults, and research collaboration with eminent scholars in the fields of aging and development, cognitive neuroscience, clinical psychology, and contemplative science. Completion of the proposed research and training could mitigate age-related cognitive decline and emotional disorders by tailoring existing MBIs to optimize benefit for older adults, leading to a healthier aging population.