MUSCLE RELAXANTS AND ANTAGONISTS IN PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA

小儿麻醉中的肌肉松弛剂和拮抗剂

• 批准号: 3447862
• 负责人: DENNIS MARSHALL FISHER
• 金额: $ 4.14万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1983
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1983-07-01 至 1986-08-15
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3447862
• 关键词: depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent; dosage; drug adverse effect; drug metabolism; drug screening /evaluation; general anesthesia; heart surgery; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); mass spectrometry; neostigmine; neuromuscular blocking agents; neuromuscular junction; neuropharmacology; oxygen consumption; patient monitoring device; pediatric pharmacology; pharmacokinetics; preschool child (1-5); respiratory disorder; tubocurarine

Neuromuscular blocking drugs and their antagonists are widely used in pediatric anesthesia. Because precise pharmacologic studies have not been performed in children, the clinician often must extrapolate from the data obtained in adults to determine the dose in children. However, children differ from adults in distribution volumes, metabolism and neuromuscular junction physiology and thus should respond differently to these drugs. Accordingly, we propose to determine the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these drugs in neonates, infants and children with comparison to those obtained in adults. To date we have established dose response relationships, pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic studies of d-tubocurarine, vecuronium, a new neuromuscular blocking drug, and neostigmine. We will complete these studies and, in addition, will determine the dose-response relationships for neostigmine and the pharmacokinetics and dose-response relationships for edrophonium (an antagonist which appears to have advantages over neostigmine and pyridostigmine). We also will determine the effect of neuromuscular blocking drugs on oxygen consumption and evaluate whether "respiratory-sparing" exists when neuromuscular blocking drugs are administered to infants. These studies should permit an improved understanding of the pharmacologic and physiologic effects of these drugs in children. In turn, neuromuscular relaxants and their antagonists may be used more appropriately in pediatric anesthesia.

神经肌肉阻断药物及其拮抗剂广泛应用于