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Substitution and Sustainability in Functional Materials and Devices

功能材料和器件的替代和可持续性

基本信息

批准号：
EP/L017563/1
负责人：
Ian Reaney
金额：
$ 314.26万
依托单位：
University of Sheffield
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FL017563%2F1
关键词：
Substitution Sustainability Functional Materials Devices

项目摘要

Functional Materials and Devices (FMD) is a rapidly evolving subject which underpins many aspects of modern life such as antennas, energy storage devices, multicomponent sensors and smart materials. At a segment size of ~£3Bn p.a., the UK represents ~25% of the total EU production. However, the FMD sector in the EU and UK relies heavily on raw materials which have geopolitical, geological and environmental constraints. The response to materials scarcity and environmental restrictions depends on the industry, but companies indicate that resource efficiency, R&D, and innovations for substitution are necessary. Our vision is to utilise materials engineering, multiscale modeling, advanced manufacturing, supply chain/life cycle analysis and industrial partnerships to establish an holistic response to substitution and sustainability within the UK FMD sector.6 mission-critical projects have been identified by the investigators which will be the initial focus of the programme. Follow on projects will be developed during the grant in collaboration with an expanding portfolio of industrial partners.i) Elimination of expensive RE-oxides from the fabrication of multilayer ceramics capacitors (MLCC): Currently, the lifetime of an MLCC is enhanced by the use of ~2wt% of RE-oxide (RE = Dy, Ho). Dy is the number one most endangered element according to the US government. Eradicating Dy and Ho from the fabrication MLCC is thus an urgent priorityii) RE substitution in magnetocalorics for energy efficient refrigeration:Dy is also a critical element in magnetocalorics for energy efficient refrigeration. RE-free strategies to enhance the giant magnetocaloric effect will be explored so that this highly efficiently refrigeration technology can be made commercial. iii) Replacement of RE based oxides in dielectrically loaded satellite receive antennas: Ultra small GPS microstrip patch antennas utilize ceramics based on barium RE titanates (BRET, RE = Nd and Sm) since these are the only currently available high permittivity (80-90) materials with the required properties. We will explore new multilayer antenna designs on RE free, low cost dielectric substrates such as BaTi4O9.iv) Manufacture of actuators using PbO-free piezoelectric oxides: Environmentally friendly, PbO-free piezoelectrics) have been developed over the last decade as potential replacements for Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT). Device fabrication and characterization will be studied along with an investigation of critical issues concerning direct integration into end-user applications.v) Replacing exotic compounds with robust oxide ceramics in thermoelectric generatorsCurrently, the best thermoelectric materials (Figure of Merit, ZT > 1) for waste heat harvesting are based on tellurides, antimonides and germanides. Not only are these compounds toxic and in short supply but they are also unstable at the proposed operating temperatures. Thermoelectric generators based on equally performant, more abundant and less toxic oxide materials will be developed vi) Manufacturing routes to sustainability in light emitting diodes (LEDs)Energy efficient LEDs have the capacity to replace completely conventional W based filament light sources but scaling up this technology results in critical thermal management problems which are alleviated by conductive Ag paste, too expensive to meet the envisaged market. New strategies to dissipate heat will therefore be explored so that W based high powered lighting can be replaced by LED energy efficient equivalents. All projects will be make use of multiscale modelling in device design, materials development and understanding physical properties. In addition, a Supply Chain Environmental Analysis Tool (SCEnAT) will be utilized on all projects. SCEnAT is coded based on the state-of-the-art methodology in carbon and has been used by leading industry such as TATA, Rolls-Royce and Sheffield Forgemasters International.

功能材料与器件（FMD）是一门快速发展的学科，它支撑着现代生活的许多方面，如天线，储能设备，多组件传感器和智能材料。英国的市场规模约为每年30亿英镑，占欧盟总产量的25%。然而，欧盟和英国的口蹄疫部门严重依赖具有地缘政治、地质和环境限制的原材料。对材料短缺和环境限制的反应取决于行业，但公司表示，资源效率、研发和替代创新是必要的。我们的愿景是利用材料工程、多尺度建模、先进制造、供应链/生命周期分析和工业伙伴关系，在英国口蹄疫行业建立替代和可持续性的整体响应。调查人员已经确定了6个关键任务项目，这些项目将成为方案的初步重点。在赠款期间，将与越来越多的工业伙伴合作开发后续项目。i)从多层陶瓷电容器（MLCC）的制造中消除昂贵的RE-氧化物：目前，使用~2wt%的RE-氧化物（RE = Dy, Ho）可以提高MLCC的寿命。根据美国政府的说法，镝是头号濒危元素。因此，从MLCC的制造中消除Dy和Ho是一个紧迫的优先事项。ii)在高效制冷的磁热学中替代RE:Dy也是高效制冷的磁热学中的关键元素。将探索无re策略来增强巨磁热效应，使这种高效制冷技术可以商业化。iii)替代介电载荷卫星接收天线中的稀土基氧化物：超小型GPS微带贴片天线利用基于稀土钛酸钡（BRET, RE = Nd和Sm）的陶瓷，因为这些是目前唯一可用的具有所需性能的高介电常数（80-90）材料。我们将探索在无RE、低成本的介质衬底（如BaTi4O9）上设计新的多层天线。iv)使用不含pbo的压电氧化物制造执行器：在过去的十年中，环境友好型，不含pbo的压电材料作为Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 （PZT）的潜在替代品已经得到了发展。设备制造和表征将与直接集成到最终用户应用程序的关键问题的调查一起研究。v)用坚固的氧化物陶瓷代替热电发电机中的外来化合物目前，用于废热收集的最佳热电材料（性能图，zt>1）是基于碲化物、锑化物和锗化物的。这些化合物不仅有毒且供应短缺，而且在建议的工作温度下也不稳定。热电发电机基于同样的性能，更丰富，毒性更低的氧化物材料将被开发vi)发光二极管（led）的可持续性制造路线节能led有能力完全取代传统的W基灯丝光源，但扩大这项技术的规模会导致关键的热管理问题，这是由导电银膏缓解的，太贵了，无法满足设想的市场。因此，将探索新的散热策略，以便基于W的高功率照明可以被LED节能等效物所取代。所有项目都将在设备设计、材料开发和物理特性理解中使用多尺度建模。此外，供应链环境分析工具（SCEnAT）将用于所有项目。SCEnAT基于最先进的碳编码方法，已被塔塔、劳斯莱斯和谢菲尔德锻造国际等领先行业使用。