Targeted energy transfer in powertrains to reduce vibration-induced energy losses

动力系统中有针对性的能量转移，以减少振动引起的能量损失

• 批准号: EP/L019426/1
• 负责人: Stephanos Theodossiades
• 金额: $ 65.59万
• 依托单位: Loughborough University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FL019426%2F1
• 关键词: Targeted; energy; transfer; powertrains; reduce

Systems that generate and transmit power (powertrains) in a variety of engineering applications (automotive, aeronautical, marine, turbo-machinery, renewable energy) can suffer from applied disturbances such as impact and impulsive loading, periodic or random excitation. Modern light weight philosophy and increased engine/generator output power often exacerbate the situation. The resulting vibrations increase fuel consumption unavoidably, which also results in increased emissions. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential to save up to 9.3 million tons of automotive CO2 emissions by reducing the effect of cyclic irregularities of internal combustion engines in automotive transmissions (Joachim et al. "How to minimize power losses in transmissions, axles and steerings", VDI Gears 2011). The use of palliatives to suppress drivetrain vibrations increases the product cost. Furthermore, component wear and fatigue are other effects, adding to operational costs.Passively controlled transfer of vibrational energy in coupled systems to a target, where the excess or residual energy eventually diminishes, is a - relatively - new concept called Targeted Energy Transfer (TET). It is based on imposing conditions upon nonlinear resonance between a primary source (the powertrain in this case) and a secondary system in order to achieve transfer of energy from one system to the other in an irreversible manner. The secondary system possesses essential stiffness nonlinearity, thus altering the global dynamics because of the lack of a preferential resonant frequency. Therefore, the latter can act as a Nonlinear Energy Sink (NES) over a broad range of excitation frequencies.Thus, the overarching question in this proposal is "How can one design and develop a sustainable vibration reduction technology for powertrains using the modern TET research method?" This is undertaken with the view of maximising the benefits and limiting the costs to the UK plc, as well as the consumers. Currently, the automotive industry represents 9.2% of the total UK exports (source: Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders). The program of research is split into a number of work-packages in order to address the stated key-objective questions:1. How can a TET mechanism be conceived for powertrain systems to effectively absorb/harvest the excess energy? Therefore, parametric models for scenario-building simulations will be developed to fundamentally understand the energy exchange mechanisms.2. How much energy would be absorbed by the NES and under what input conditions? Is this method robust to typical variations (and uncertainties) in system parameters, initial conditions and external excitations encountered in powertrain dynamics? How do TET-based designs compare to alternative currently commercialised designs? The latter will be examined at component and system levels.3. Could the TET mechanism be used for energy harvesting purposes in real powertrain systems?4. Lastly, effort will be expended in closing the loop between the above questions and consolidating on practical methods of implementing the outcomes of 1-3 above in powertrains according to specific design objectives.The collaboration between the different project partners will be tightly managed, so that the project objectives are achieved. The generated methods will be made available in the public domain. Automotive systems represent common operating features of powertrains across a variety of engineering applications. Hence, they have been selected for this fundamental generic research. The knowledge and experience accrued in this project can be expanded to a variety of large and small scale power transmission applications for vibration reduction, including aeronautics, marine, renewable energy (wind turbines) and micro-electro-mechanical systems.

在各种工程应用（汽车、航空、船舶、涡轮机械、可再生能源）中产生和传输电力（动力系统）的系统可能会遭受冲击和脉冲负载、周期性或随机激励等应用干扰。现代轻量化理念和发动机/发电机输出功率的增加往往会加剧这种情况。由此产生的振动不可避免地会增加燃油消耗，同时也会导致排放量增加。最近的研究表明，通过减少汽车变速器中内燃机的循环不规则性的影响，有可能减少高达 930 万吨的汽车二氧化碳排放（Joachim 等人，“如何最大限度地减少变速器、车轴和转向系统中的功率损失”，VDI Gears 2011）。使用姑息疗法来抑制传动系统振动会增加产品成本。此外，部件磨损和疲劳是其他影响，增加了运营成本。耦合系统中的振动能量被动控制传输到目标，其中多余或残余能量最终减少，是一个相对较新的概念，称为目标能量传输（TET）。它基于对主源（在本例中为动力系统）和辅助系统之间的非线性谐振施加条件，以便以不可逆的方式实现从一个系统到另一个系统的能量转移。次级系统具有基本的刚度非线性，因此由于缺乏优先谐振频率而改变了全局动力学。因此，后者可以在较宽的激励频率范围内充当非线性能量吸收器（NES）。因此，该提案中的首要问题是“如何使用现代 TET 研究方法设计和开发一种可持续的动力总成减振技术？”这样做的目的是最大限度地提高英国公司以及消费者的利益并限制其成本。目前，汽车行业占英国出口总额的 9.2%（来源：汽车制造商和贸易商协会）。该研究计划分为多个工作包，以解决所述的关键目标问题：1．如何为动力总成系统设计TET机制来有效吸收/收获多余的能量？因此，将开发场景模拟的参数模型，以从根本上理解能量交换机制。2． NES 在什么输入条件下会吸收多少能量？该方法对于动力系统动力学中遇到的系统参数、初始条件和外部激励的典型变化（和不确定性）是否稳健？基于 TET 的设计与当前商业化的替代设计相比如何？后者将在组件和系统级别进行检查。3． TET 机制能否用于实际动力总成系统中的能量收集目的？4．最后，将努力闭合上述问题之间的循环，并根据具体的设计目标，巩固在动力总成中实现上述1-3成果的实用方法。将严格管理不同项目合作伙伴之间的协作，以实现项目目标。生成的方法将在公共领域提供。汽车系统代表了各种工程应用中动力系统的常见操作特征。因此，他们被选用于这项基础通用研究。该项目中积累的知识和经验可以扩展到各种大型和小型减振电力传输应用，包括航空、船舶、可再生能源（风力涡轮机）和微机电系统。

项目成果

Parametric resonance of a nonlinear energy harvester for torsional vibrations

扭转振动非线性能量收集器的参数共振

• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Alevras, P.

A Study on Attenuating Gear Teeth Oscillations at Low Engine Speeds Using Nonlinear Vibration Absorbers

使用非线性减振器衰减低发动机转速下齿轮齿振动的研究

• DOI: 10.4271/2018-01-1477
• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Friskney B

On the dynamics of a nonlinear energy harvester with multiple resonant zones

• DOI: 10.1007/s11071-018-4124-2
• 发表时间: 2018-02
• 期刊: Nonlinear Dynamics
• 影响因子: 5.6
• 作者: P. Alevras;S. Theodossiades;H. Rahnejat

Torsional vibration energy harvesting through transverse vibrations of a passively tuned beam

• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Sensors and Actuators A-physical
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: P. Alevras;S. Theodossiades;H. Rahnejat;T. Saunders

Broadband energy harvesting from parametric vibrations of a class of nonlinear Mathieu systems

• DOI: 10.1063/1.4984059
• 发表时间: 2017-06
• 期刊: Applied Physics Letters
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: P. Alevras;S. Theodossiades;H. Rahnejat