Automotive electric powertrain whistling and whining: fundamental root cause analysis to novel solutions

汽车电动动力系统啸叫和呜呜声：新颖解决方案的根本原因分析

• 批准号: EP/V053353/1
• 负责人: Stephanos Theodossiades
• 金额: $ 54.48万
• 依托单位: Loughborough University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FV053353%2F1
• 关键词: Automotive; electric; powertrain; whistling; whining

The "Road to Zero" strategy is placing the UK at the forefront of designing and manufacturing zero emission vehicles, with the sale of new petrol/diesel cars and vans planned to end by 2040 (perhaps by 2030 according to recent government announcements). The strategy towards cleaner, quieter cities has accelerated the trend in the sales of Electric Vehicles (EVs). Contrary to the prevalent view though, EVs are not silent. Without the effect of masking noise from an internal combustion engine, other sounds radiating from the electric motor and the drivetrain have become more apparent (mainly at medium to high vehicle speeds). This is a major challenge for Automotive OEMs, which need to adapt their Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) design methods to the "new" electric (e-) powertrain environment. Moreover, an optimum balance has to be identified between the vehicle NVH performance (and NVH package weight) and other weight increases due to heavy battery packs needed to increase the driving range.An important NVH issue in EVs is the tonal e-motor whistling noise (at harmonics of the rotor speed, depending on the number of motor poles). This is generated by the electromagnetic force, which excites the e-motor and the driveline housing. The noise is amplified by the powertrain structure, especially by the stator and its housing. Increased power and e-motor downsizing are key commercial requirements but have adverse effects on whistling noise. In addition to this, e-motor torque variation ripples and introduced misalignments in the system (between the gears, shafts and housing assembly) act as mechanical excitation on the drivetrain, leading to gear meshing oscillations and emitted noise (known as whine NVH). The issue becomes more complex considering the large range of powertrain operating conditions and increased excitation due to high-power motors, which affect the stability of the coupled electromechanical dynamics.The above e-powertrain NVH landscape requires various interrelated disciplines to be considered under the same framework (electromagnetics, component flexibility, transient dynamics and noise radiation). A coupled whistling and whining fundamental study that leads to root-cause understanding of the involved physics has not yet successfully done.The proposed research aims to identify the root causes behind the coupling of e-motor whistling and drivetrain whining NVH behaviour in e-powertrains and develop novel design solutions to reduce their severity and avoid costly and difficult remedial NVH measures later in the development process. The research will produce fundamental knowledge in e-powertrain design from the NVH perspective in the following ways: i) novel scientific knowledge will be generated for e-powertrains by analysing the root causes of the coupling between the e-motor and drivetrain transient dynamics that leads to aggressive NVH behaviour (employing 3D e-powertrain models), ii) an accurate and validated methodology for high frequency (above 10 kHz) e-powertrain NVH studies will be developed, iii) new NVH metrics will be set for use in future e-powertrain investigations and iv) novel and fast reduced-order methods will be developed based on the above NVH metrics and the parametric studies of the validated 3D e-powertrain models.New e-powertrain design methodologies for fast and accurate product development will be developed in this project with strong support of the participating industry partners. Arrival and AVL will integrate the new methods in their design processes and product portfolio (within a 5-year timescale). The project outcomes will be disseminated nationally (and internationally) so that UK automotive manufacturers can directly benefit and the UK maintains its excellence in powertrain technology.

“零之路”策略将英国置于设计和制造零排放车辆的最前沿，新的汽油/柴油汽车和货车计划在2040年终止（根据最近的政府公告，也许是在2030年结束的）。更清洁，更安静的城市的策略加快了电动汽车销售（EV）的趋势。与普遍的观点相反，电动汽车并不保持沉默。没有掩盖内燃机的噪声的影响，电动机和传动系统的其他声音变得更加明显（主要是在中等至高速速度下）。对于汽车OEM来说，这是一个主要的挑战，需要使其噪音，振动和刺激性（NVH）设计方法适应“新”电动（E-）动力总成环境。此外，由于增加了增加驾驶范围所需的重电池组，必须确定车辆NVH性能（和NVH套件重量）和其他重量增加之间的最佳余额。EVS中的重要NVH问题是音调电子电机哨声噪音（根据转子速度的和声，取决于电动机的谐波，取决于电动机的数量）。这是由电磁力产生的，它激发了电子运动和传动系统壳体。动力总成结构，尤其是定子及其外壳来扩大噪音。功率增加和电动机缩小尺寸是关键的商业要求，但会对哨声噪音产生不利影响。除此之外，E-Motor扭矩变化涟漪并在系统中（在齿轮，轴和住房组件之间）引入了未对准的，在传动系统上起到了机械激发作用，导致齿轮网络振荡并发出噪声（称为WIWINE NVH）。考虑到高功率电动机引起的大量动力总成操作条件和增加的激发，这一问题变得更加复杂，这会影响耦合机电动力学的稳定性。上述E-PowerTrain NVH NVH景观需要在同一框架，组件，互动性灵活性，动力学和噪声下）来考虑各种相互关联的纪律。 A coupled whistling and whining fundamental study that leads to root-cause understanding of the involved physics has not yet successfully done.The proposed research aims to identify the root causes behind the coupling of e-motor whistling and drivetrain whining NVH behaviour in e-powertrains and develop novel design solutions to reduce their severity and avoid costly and difficult remedial NVH measures later in the development process.这项研究将通过以下方式从NVH的角度从E-PowerTrain设计中产生基本知识： e-powertrain NVH studies will be developed, iii) new NVH metrics will be set for use in future e-powertrain investigations and iv) novel and fast reduced-order methods will be developed based on the above NVH metrics and the parametric studies of the validated 3D e-powertrain models.New e-powertrain design methodologies for fast and accurate product development will be developed in this project with strong support of the participating industry partners.到达和AVL将在其设计过程和产品组合（在5年的时间范围内）中将新方法集成。该项目成果将在国内（和国际）上传播，以便英国汽车制造商可以直接受益，英国在动力总成技术方面保持卓越的效果。

项目成果

NVH of electric motors - a study on potential NVH metric

电动机的 NVH - 潜在 NVH 指标的研究

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Souza MR

The use of an artificial neural network for assessing tone perception in electric powertrain noise, vibration and harshness

• DOI: 10.1007/s11012-024-01753-x
• 发表时间: 2024-02
• 期刊: Meccanica
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Marcos Ricardo Souza;A. Haris;Leon Rodrigues;G. Offner;M. Sopouch;Franz Diwoky;M. Mohammadpour;S. Theodossiades

Analytical Multiphysics Model for NVH Prediction of a high-speed SurfacePermanent Magnet Synchronous Machine

用于高速表面永磁同步电机 NVH 预测的分析多物理场模型

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Andreou P