APERIO: LOW COST FAÇADE MANAGEMENT IN NATURALLY VENTILATED BUILDINGS

APERIO：自然通风建筑的低成本立面管理

• 批准号: EP/L024608/1
• 负责人: Patrick James
• 金额: $ 62.89万
• 依托单位: University of Southampton
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FL024608%2F1
• 关键词: APERIO; LOW; COST; FA; ADE

Even if opening a window has a limited impact on the environmental conditions in an office, it is often a desirable feature as users are typically more tolerant as they feel they have been able to take action to improve their space. The ability of a user to interact with a façade does not, however, come without risk to the energy performance of a building. In a domestic setting, a householder is directly responsible for the energy bills and would therefore not consciously leave a window open overnight in the winter. In an office environment however, there is no financial driver for the user to operate the façade in the same energy efficient manner. Whilst there may be a strong driver to open a window in an office (stuffiness, high temperature), the driver to close the window (energy awareness) may be very weak unless there is an additional driver such as external noise, rain or a security risk. This poses a real challenge to the facilities manager, 'happy productive users' prefer control of the façade, which is what well designed non-domestic building environments should provide, but providing this control introduces significant energy performance risk.This study proposes to develop and test a low cost, non-invasive technique to assess the impact of poor facade control on energy performance and enable facilities managers to address this issue. We are looking to use external cameras to diagnose the status of a facade in terms of window opening, blind and internal lighting usage and to engage the Facilities Manager, security staff and building users to change the facade state. This approach can help address issues of (1) winter heating losses, (2) summer overheating and (3) poor internal lighting operation. Whilst security guards may provide an effective solution to the problem of energy waste, successful users' behavioural change in managing windows and blinds is very important in non-domestic buildings where there are no guards or where guards cannot intervene due to their narrow remit. All interventions will be developed through a user-centred design approach. Workshops will be conducted at the start of the project, to make sure that the interventions fit both with the technical constraints and with the organisational culture of the buildings where they will be deployed. In particular we will focus on (1) the trade-offs between preserving privacy and sharing information and (2) on the balance between group-level and individual feedback. As far as point (1) is concerned, a privacy-preserving intervention would allow us to send email messages to individuals who left their windows open, in the hope that this will not be done in the future. In contrast, broadcasting to everyone on a given floor in which windows are currently open and need closing would allow users to take action here and now. This second approach may be considered more constructive (rather than reprimand), it would require everyone to know which windows were left open, and by inference who might have left them so. Regarding point (2), our aim is to test whether the effect of individual feedback (e.g. individual emails saying "you left your window open last weekend") can be reinforced by framing it in the context of the general performance of people occupying the same building (e.g. through a public display or an email that is sent to everyone).Designing interfaces and systems which provide and maintain user engagement is the other key theme of this study. Decay in user engagement is a challenge for any behaviour change intervention and often not fully addressed in studies. Here we anticipate strong and sustained engagement with the facilities manager and security staff who are the primary path to energy savings in the building. Engagement with users of buildings such as offices is far more challenging where developed interfaces have to add value to the individual to ensure their sustained use beyond the initial 'novelty / honeymoon' period.

即使打开窗户对办公室的环境条件影响有限，但这通常是一个理想的功能，因为用户通常更宽容，因为他们觉得他们能够采取行动来改善他们的空间。然而，用户与立面互动的能力并非没有对建筑物的能源性能造成风险。在家庭环境中，户主直接负责能源账单，因此不会有意识地在冬天开着一扇窗户过夜。然而，在办公环境中，用户没有经济动力以同样节能的方式操作farade。在办公室里，打开窗户（闷热、高温）的驱动力可能很强，而关闭窗户（节能意识）的驱动力可能很弱，除非有额外的驱动力，如外部噪音、雨水或安全风险。这对设施经理构成了真正的挑战，“快乐的生产性用户”更喜欢控制立面，这是设计良好的非住宅建筑环境应该提供的，但提供这种控制会带来重大的能源性能风险。本研究建议开发和测试一种低成本、非侵入性的技术，以评估不良立面控制对能源性能的影响，并使设施管理人员能够解决这一问题。我们希望使用外部摄像头来诊断立面的状态，包括窗户打开、百叶窗和内部照明的使用情况，并让设施经理、保安人员和建筑用户来改变立面状态。这种方法可以帮助解决以下问题：(1)冬季供暖损失；(2)夏季过热；(3)内部照明操作不良。虽然保安员可以有效解决能源浪费的问题，但对于没有保安员或保安员职责有限而无法干预的非住宅楼宇，成功的使用者改变管理窗户和百叶窗的行为是非常重要的。所有干预措施都将通过以用户为中心的设计方法制定。研讨会将在项目开始时进行，以确保这些干预措施既符合技术限制，也符合将部署它们的建筑的组织文化。我们将特别关注(1)保护隐私和共享信息之间的权衡，以及(2)群体和个人反馈之间的平衡。就第(1)点而言，保护隐私的干预措施将允许我们向不开窗户的个人发送电子邮件，希望将来不会发生这种情况。相比之下，向特定楼层的每个人广播，这些楼层的窗户目前是打开的，需要关闭，这将允许用户在此时此地采取行动。第二种方法可能被认为更具建设性（而不是谴责），它要求每个人都知道哪些窗户是开着的，并由此推断是谁开着的。关于第(2)点，我们的目的是测试个人反馈的效果（例如，个人电子邮件说“上周末你的窗户开着”）是否可以通过将其置于占用同一建筑物的人的总体表现（例如，通过公开展示或发送给每个人的电子邮件）的背景下来加强。设计界面和系统，提供和维持用户的参与是本研究的另一个关键主题。用户粘性的下降是任何行为改变干预的挑战，在研究中往往没有完全解决。在这里，我们期望与设施经理和保安人员进行强有力和持续的合作，他们是建筑物节能的主要途径。与办公室等建筑用户的互动更具挑战性，因为开发的界面必须为个人增加价值，以确保它们在最初的“新奇/蜜月”期之后持续使用。

项目成果

Post occupancy evaluation report for the University of Southampton Mayflower Halls

南安普顿大学五月花厅入住后评估报告

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Bourikas L.

Thermal Comfort and Productivity - What can the Chair tell us?

热舒适度和生产力——主席能告诉我们什么？

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Nariswari D M

Summer window opening behavior in mixed mode ventilated buildings

混合模式通风建筑夏季开窗行为

• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Andrés Mancheno Mariño

Camera-based window-opening estimation in a naturally ventilated office

• DOI: 10.1080/09613218.2016.1245951
• 发表时间: 2018-02-01
• 期刊: BUILDING RESEARCH AND INFORMATION
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Bourikas, L.;Costanza, E.;Huang, Y.
• 通讯作者: Huang, Y.

Evaluating the Effect of Feedback from Different Computer Vision Processing Stages

评估不同计算机视觉处理阶段的反馈效果

• DOI: 10.1145/3290605.3300273
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Kittley-Davies J