LATENT: RESIDENTIAL HEAT AS AN ENERGY SYSTEM SERVICE

潜在：住宅供热作为能源系统服务

• 批准号: EP/T023074/1
• 负责人: Patrick James
• 金额: $ 167.44万
• 依托单位: University of Southampton
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FT023074%2F1
• 关键词: LATENT; RESIDENTIAL; HEAT; ENERGY; SYSTEM

The UK's carbon targets, as defined by the Climate Change Act of 2008, specify an emissions reduction of 80% by 2050, which the government has recently revised down to 'net zero' for the same year. In 2017, 17% of the UK's carbon emissions were associated with non-electric use in the residential sector (64.1 Mt CO2), the majority of which were associated with natural gas space heating, cooking and domestic hot water. The UK must therefore decarbonise residential heat to be able to meet its climate change targets, but, in combination with electric vehicles (EVs), this could lead to a 200-300% increase in the UK's annual electricity demand.In terms of deployment at scale, Air Source Heat Pumps (ASHP) operating either in isolation or as a hybrid gas system appear a key technology as they are not site specific and are applicable to both new build housing and retrofit. The UK's low voltage (LV) electricity network will not however, be able to operate with unconstrained electrical heating or EV charging loads. Both loads must be deferrable or scheduled in a manner to support the electricity network and maintain substations and feeders within limits.Household electric heating has the potential to operate as a significant deferrable load which LATENT is seeking to understand and harness. This can provide benefits across scales, namely to the UK (energy security and carbon targets), DNO (Distributed Network Operator as grid support), heat pump suppliers (by demonstrating added grid value), householders (in terms of bill reduction and avoidance of peaking dynamic tariffs) and electricity suppliers by applying aggregation techniques to minimise energy service costs. The key aim of LATENT therefore, is to be able to predict the impact of customers with electrical heating (predominantly ASHP) operating with 3rd party deferrable heating control on the LV network at the feeder / substation level. 3rd party control in this context would be through the energy service supplier, with whom, unlike the DNO, a household has an existing financial contract relationship. LATENT will inform industry of the potential of 3rd party control of deferrable heat through a rigorous field experiment, and, in doing so, accelerate the transition to decarbonised household heating.LATENT will determine the influence of householder personality trait (OCEAN traits: either positive / negative as Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism) alongside more traditional Census metrics such as educational attainment, house type etc to deliver a multi-variate regression model to describe deferrable heat reduction at the household level. A substation or feeder can then be analysed in terms of its household type mix (10% C+ detached, 30% E- flat etc) to produce a composite substation level, deferrable heat reduction estimate.This model will be realised through field trials with LATENT's industrial partner, Igloo Energy. Igloo have a customer base with smart heating systems and ASHP which support remote 3rd party control. LATENT will test (i) householder's stated acceptance to deferral of heating (in terms of temperature drop and duration) through focus groups and surveys, (ii) actual acceptance of heat deferral through heating season field trials, and (iii) operation of a commercial deferrable heat tariff with a sample of Igloo's customer base.

根据2008年《气候变化法》的规定，英国的碳排放目标规定到2050年减排80%，政府最近将同年的减排目标下调至“净零”。2017年，英国17%的碳排放与住宅部门的非电力使用有关（6410万吨二氧化碳），其中大部分与天然气空间供暖，烹饪和家庭热水有关。因此，英国必须实现住宅供热脱碳，才能满足其气候变化目标，但与电动汽车（EV）相结合，这可能导致英国每年的电力需求增加200-300%。空气源热泵（ASHP）单独操作或作为混合气体系统操作似乎是一项关键技术，因为它们不是特定于地点的，并且适用于新建住房和改造。然而，英国的低压（LV）电网将无法在不受约束的电加热或EV充电负载下运行。这两种负荷都必须是可推迟的或计划的，以支持电网并将变电站和馈线维持在限制范围内。家用电加热有可能作为一种重要的可推迟负荷运行，LATENT正在寻求了解和利用。这可以提供跨规模的好处，即英国（能源安全和碳目标），DNO（分布式网络运营商作为电网支持），热泵供应商（通过展示增加的电网价值），住户（在减少账单和避免动态电价峰值方面）和电力供应商，通过应用聚合技术来最大限度地降低能源服务成本。因此，LATENT的主要目标是能够预测在馈线/变电站级别上使用第三方可延迟加热控制的电加热（主要是ASHP）对低压网络的影响。在这种情况下，第三方控制将通过能源服务供应商进行，与DNO不同，家庭与能源服务供应商有现有的金融合同关系。LATENT将通过严格的现场实验，向工业界展示第三方控制可延迟供热的潜力，并在此过程中加速向脱碳家庭供暖的过渡。LATENT将确定住户个性特征的影响（海洋特征：无论是积极/消极的开放性，尽责性，外向性，可接受性，神经质）以及更传统的人口普查指标，如教育程度，房屋类型等，以提供一个多变量回归模型来描述家庭层面的可推迟的热量减少。然后可以根据其家用类型组合（10%C+分离式，30%E-扁平式等）分析变电站或馈线，以产生复合变电站水平，可延迟的热减少估计。该模型将通过与LATENT的工业合作伙伴Igloo Energy的现场试验实现。Igloo拥有智能供暖系统和ASHP的客户群，支持远程第三方控制。LATENT将测试（i）住户通过焦点小组和调查表示接受推迟供暖（在温度下降和持续时间方面），（ii）通过供暖季节现场试验实际接受推迟供暖，以及（iii）商业可推迟热费的运作，并以冰屋的客户群为样本。

项目成果

Acceptability of a heat deferral approach for UK residential heating: impacts from an online focus group approach

英国住宅供暖延迟供暖方法的可接受性：在线焦点小组方法的影响

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Turner PAD

Quality criteria for multi-domain studies in the indoor environment: Critical review towards research guidelines and recommendations

• DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109719
• 发表时间: 2022-10
• 期刊: Building and Environment
• 影响因子: 7.4
• 作者: G. Chinazzo;R. Andersen;Elie Azar;V. Barthelmes;C. Becchio;L. Belussi;C. Berger;S. Carlucci;S. Corgnati;Sarah Crosby;L. Danza;Luiza de Castro;Matteo Favero;S. Gauthier;R. Hellwig;Quan Jin;Joyce Kim;M. S. Khanie;D. Khovalyg;Carola Lingua;A. Luna-Navarro;A. Mahdavi;Clayton Miller;Isabel Mino-Rodriguez;I. Pigliautile;A. Pisello;R. F. Rupp;Abdul-Manan Sadick;F. Salamone;M. Schweiker;Marc Syndicus;G. Spigliantini;N. G. Vasquez;Donna Vakalis;M. Vellei;Shen Wei

An Online 'Face to Face' Focus Group Approach for Understanding How Household Energy Use and Green Investment Decisions Differ by Personality Traits

在线“面对面”焦点小组方法，了解家庭能源使用和绿色投资决策如何因性格特征而有所不同

• DOI: 10.1177/16094069211038312
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: International Journal of Qualitative Methods
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Turner P