CHILDREN'S MECHANISMS FOR VARYING VOCAL INTENSITY

本系列研究的长期目标是 从发育期调查儿童的言语运动控制 透视。数据将从儿童身上收集，使用混合- 纵向设计。呼吸和喉部运动学数据将 在儿童和成人正常说话时收集，声音洪亮 强度级别。呼吸数据的收集将初步评估 交流换向系统.线性化磁力计和 复印件。喉部数据将通过电子声门仪进行收集 和气动图：电声门图波形将 结合反向过滤的声门气流解释 波形。呼吸的依赖指标包括%VITAL 使用的容量、最大吸气末水平和最大呼气末 水平。对肋骨和肋骨的相对贡献的描述 将为个别受试者制作腹部。的从属措施 喉部运动包括开商、闭商和斜率 电声门图波形的闭合部分。的可变性 这些数据将被研究和解释关于言语运动 我们会控制局面的。最后，将进行方法论研究 要确定线性化磁力仪或Resigraph是否会更多 有效地感知儿童的呼吸运动学，并 确定这两个设备是否会产生类似的措施。这个 具体研究问题如下：(A)几岁/S做 孩子们开始使用类似的呼吸-喉咙机制 成年人的声音强度会有变化吗？(B)其性质是什么？ 儿童使用的呼吸机制是什么？(C)儿童是否使用 喉部机制何时提高他们的发声强度？(D)是 儿童的呼吸和喉部运动数据从 彼此取决于年龄，儿童作为一个群体是否更具变异性 而不是成年人？(E)什么是最有效的感应装置 测量儿童的呼吸运动学？数据将有助于 言语运动控制发展模型的建立 为治疗障碍提供有效的功能信息基础 儿童的言语运动控制。

The broad long-term objective of the present series of studies is to investigate speech motor control in children from a developmental perspective. Data will be collected from children using a mixed- longitudinal design. Respiratory and laryngeal kinematic data will be collected while children and adults speak normally, and at a loud vocal intensity level. Collection of respiratory data will initially evaluate alternative transduction systems - linearized magnetometers and Respigraph. Laryngeal data will be collected with an electroglottograph and pneumotachograph: the electroglottographic waveform will be interpreted in conjunction with the inverse-filtered glottal airflow waveform. Dependent measures for respiration include per cent vital capacity used, maximum end-inspiratory level, and maximum end-expiratory level. Descriptions of the relative contribution of the rib cage and abdomen will be made for individual subjects. Dependent measures for laryngeal movement include open quotient, closed quotient and slope of the closing portion of the electroglottograph waveform. Variability of these data will be studied and interpretations about speech motor control will be made. Finally, a methodological study will be conducted to determine whether linearized magnetometers or Respigraph will be more efficient for sensing respiratory kinematics in children, and to determine whether the two devices will yield similar measures. The specific research questions are as follows: (a) At what age/s do children begin to use a similar respiratory-laryngeal mechanism as adults to vary vocal intensity? (b) What is the nature of the respiratory mechanism that is used by children? (c) Do children use a laryngeal mechanism when increasing their vocal intensity? (d) Are children's respiratory and laryngeal movement data more variable from each other depending on age and are children as a group more variable than adults? (e) What is the most efficient sensing device for measuring respiratory kinematics in children? Data will contribute to the establishment of a developmental model of speech motor control and provide a valid functionally informed basis for treating disordered speech motor control in children.