CHILDREN'S MECHANISMS FOR VARYING VOCAL INTENSITY

本系列研究的广泛长期目标是 儿童言语运动控制发展研究 perspective. 将使用混合的方法从儿童中收集数据- 纵向设计。 呼吸和喉部运动学数据将 收集，而儿童和成人正常说话，并在一个响亮的声音 强度水平。收集呼吸数据将初步评估 替代换能系统-线性化磁力计和 呼吸记录仪 将使用电声门描记器收集喉部数据 和呼吸速度描记器：电声门图波形将 结合反向过滤声门气流来解释 波形呼吸的相关指标包括 所用容量、最大吸气末水平和最大呼气末水平 水平 描述了胸腔的相对贡献， 将对个体受试者进行腹部检查。 相关措施 喉运动包括开商、闭商和斜率 电声门图波形的闭合部分。 变异性 这些数据将被研究和解释有关言语运动 将进行控制。 最后，将进行方法学研究 以确定是否线性磁力计或呼吸仪将更多 对于感测儿童的呼吸运动学是有效的，并且 确定这两个设备是否会产生类似的措施。 的 具体的研究问题如下：（a）在什么年龄， 儿童开始使用类似的发音-喉部机制， 成年人改变声音强度？ (b)的本质是什么 儿童使用的呼吸机制？ (c)孩子们是否使用 增加声音强度时的喉部机制？ (d)是 儿童的呼吸和喉部运动数据更易变， 彼此取决于年龄和儿童作为一个群体更可变 比成年人？ (e)什么是最有效的传感设备 测量儿童的呼吸运动学 数据将有助于 言语运动控制发展模型的建立， 为治疗疾病提供有效的功能信息基础 儿童的言语运动控制

The broad long-term objective of the present series of studies is to investigate speech motor control in children from a developmental perspective. Data will be collected from children using a mixed- longitudinal design. Respiratory and laryngeal kinematic data will be collected while children and adults speak normally, and at a loud vocal intensity level. Collection of respiratory data will initially evaluate alternative transduction systems - linearized magnetometers and Respigraph. Laryngeal data will be collected with an electroglottograph and pneumotachograph: the electroglottographic waveform will be interpreted in conjunction with the inverse-filtered glottal airflow waveform. Dependent measures for respiration include per cent vital capacity used, maximum end-inspiratory level, and maximum end-expiratory level. Descriptions of the relative contribution of the rib cage and abdomen will be made for individual subjects. Dependent measures for laryngeal movement include open quotient, closed quotient and slope of the closing portion of the electroglottograph waveform. Variability of these data will be studied and interpretations about speech motor control will be made. Finally, a methodological study will be conducted to determine whether linearized magnetometers or Respigraph will be more efficient for sensing respiratory kinematics in children, and to determine whether the two devices will yield similar measures. The specific research questions are as follows: (a) At what age/s do children begin to use a similar respiratory-laryngeal mechanism as adults to vary vocal intensity? (b) What is the nature of the respiratory mechanism that is used by children? (c) Do children use a laryngeal mechanism when increasing their vocal intensity? (d) Are children's respiratory and laryngeal movement data more variable from each other depending on age and are children as a group more variable than adults? (e) What is the most efficient sensing device for measuring respiratory kinematics in children? Data will contribute to the establishment of a developmental model of speech motor control and provide a valid functionally informed basis for treating disordered speech motor control in children.