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Writing nanomagnets: Investigation of new magnetic nanostructures fabricated by focussed electron and ion beams

写入纳米磁体：研究通过聚焦电子和离子束制造的新型磁性纳米结构

基本信息

批准号：
EP/M008517/1
负责人：
Amalio Fernandez-Pacheco
金额：
$ 76.44万
依托单位：
University of Cambridge
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FM008517%2F1
关键词：
Writing nanomagnets Investigation new magnetic

项目摘要

The objective of this fellowship is the investigation of new nanomagnetic materials fabricated by focussed electron and ion beam deposition (FEBID/FIBID), which has a huge technological interest for spintronic applications. Nanomagnets are magnetic systems with nanometric dimensions, i.e. they are formed just by a few atoms along their length, width and/or thickness. Because their dimensions become of the order of the fundamental lengths governing their properties, they behave differently from macroscopic magnets, which has made possible their exploitation in many applications. In particular, the development of new types of nanomagnets is one of the key ingredients for the vast increase in computer performance during the last decades, since both storage and sensing part of hard disk drives are formed by this type of nanostructures. In order to continue the exponential increase in computing performance, new technologies should involve greater miniaturisation, higher speeds and lower power consumption. Spintronics is the area of electronics which exploits new physical phenomena in nanomagnets to store and process information, and some spintronic devices such as STT-MRAMs or racetrack memories have been proposed as promising alternatives to CMOS technology. However, it is clear that in order to have a revolutionary impact in computing, spintronics needs of new ways to fabricate magnetic nanostructures. Standard processes used now to pattern magnetic systems at the nanoscale are based on thin film deposition using physical methods and lithography techniques using masks and resists; these top-down methods are facing their physical limits and RAM and CPU operations are fully dominated by transistor technology. It is therefore urgently needed to study more advanced fabrication techniques which use bottom-up approaches, where molecules serve as building blocks for the fabrication of functional nanomaterials.The techniques to be used in this project, (FEBID/FIBID) are direct-writing nanolithography techniques based on the local chemical vapour deposition of gas molecules adsorbed on a substrate as a result of the interaction with high energy focussed beams of electrons or ions (SEM or FIB). These ultra-high resolution rapid processing techniques are extremely flexible, not needing either masks or resists. Specifically, they have a unique capability to fabricate complex three-dimensional nanostructures on any surface. The main drawback usually found when using these processes is that due to the poor decomposition efficiency of the molecules under focussed beams, the material deposited is a mixture of elements coming from the precursor gas molecules, having properties far from those pursued. Magnetic materials are however the exception to this negative scenario, since under the appropriate growth conditions and using carbonyls of 3d-ferromagnetic metals, pure magnetic materials can be directly deposited. Due to the recent birth of these techniques, previous results using FEBID/FIBID of magnetic materials have been mostly devoted to study the purity of the deposits and to reproduce results previously obtained by standard patterning techniques. This project will go several steps further exploiting the unique capabilities of FE/IBID for the fabrication of magnetic nanostructures. By varying the deposition conditions, a new set of nanomagnetic materials will be studied, where the microstructure and composition will be controlled at the nanoscale. By combining gas precursors and focussed beams, different types of magnetic compounds will be fabricated, as well as multi-layered nanostructures. Moreover, the growth of complex three-dimensional nanomagnets will permit to create the first devices which can store and process magnetic information in all three directions. In order to characterise these systems, a combination of magnetic, structural and spectroscopy techniques together with magnetic imaging and simulations will be used.

该奖学金的目的是研究通过聚焦电子和离子束沉积（FEBID/FIBID）制造的新纳米磁性材料，这对自旋电子应用具有巨大的技术兴趣。纳米磁体是具有纳米尺寸的磁性系统，即它们仅由沿着其长度、宽度和/或厚度的几个原子形成。由于它们的尺寸变成了控制其性质的基本长度的数量级，它们的行为与宏观磁体不同，这使得它们在许多应用中的开发成为可能。特别是，新型纳米磁体的开发是过去几十年计算机性能大幅提高的关键因素之一，因为硬盘驱动器的存储和传感部分都是由这种类型的纳米结构形成的。为了继续计算性能的指数增长，新技术应该涉及更大的集成度，更高的速度和更低的功耗。自旋电子学是利用纳米磁体中的新物理现象来存储和处理信息的电子学领域，并且已经提出了一些自旋电子器件，例如STT-MRAM或赛道存储器，作为CMOS技术的有前途的替代品。然而，很明显，为了在计算领域产生革命性的影响，自旋电子学需要新的方法来制造磁性纳米结构。现在用于在纳米尺度上图案化磁性系统的标准工艺是基于使用物理方法的薄膜沉积和使用掩模和抗蚀剂的光刻技术;这些自上而下的方法正面临其物理限制，RAM和CPU操作完全由晶体管技术主导。因此，迫切需要研究更先进的制造技术，使用自下而上的方法，其中分子作为制造功能纳米材料的构件。本项目中使用的技术，（FEBID/FIDID）是直接的-基于吸附在衬底上的气体分子的局部化学气相沉积的写入纳米光刻技术，电子或离子（SEM或FIB）。这些超高分辨率的快速处理技术非常灵活，不需要掩模或抗蚀剂。具体而言，它们具有在任何表面上制造复杂三维纳米结构的独特能力。当使用这些方法时通常发现的主要缺点是，由于分子在聚焦光束下的分解效率差，沉积的材料是来自前体气体分子的元素的混合物，具有远离所追求的那些的性质。然而，磁性材料是这种负面情况的例外，因为在适当的生长条件下并使用3d铁磁金属的羰基，可以直接沉积纯磁性材料。由于这些技术的最近诞生，使用磁性材料的FEBID/FIBID的先前结果主要致力于研究沉积物的纯度，并再现先前通过标准图案化技术获得的结果。该项目将进一步利用FE/IBID制造磁性纳米结构的独特能力。通过改变沉积条件，将研究一组新的纳米磁性材料，其中微观结构和成分将在纳米尺度上控制。通过结合气体前体和聚焦光束，将制造不同类型的磁性化合物以及多层纳米结构。此外，复杂的三维纳米磁体的生长将允许创建第一个可以在所有三个方向上存储和处理磁信息的设备。为了验证这些系统，将使用磁性，结构和光谱技术以及磁性成像和模拟的组合。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Docking simulation and ADMET prediction based investigation on the phytochemical constituents of Noni (Morinda citrifolia) fruit as a potential anticancer drug.

基于对接模拟和 ADMET 预测的诺丽 (Morinda citrifolia) 果实作为潜在抗癌药物的植物化学成分的研究。

DOI：
10.1007/978-3-662-44551-8_14
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
In silico pharmacology
影响因子：
0
作者：
Chandran K
通讯作者：
Chandran K

Complex free-space magnetic field textures induced by three-dimensional magnetic nanostructures.

DOI：
10.1038/s41565-021-01027-7
发表时间：
2022-03
期刊：
Nature nanotechnology
影响因子：
38.3
作者：
Donnelly C;Hierro-Rodríguez A;Abert C;Witte K;Skoric L;Sanz-Hernández D;Finizio S;Meng F;McVitie S;Raabe J;Suess D;Cowburn R;Fernández-Pacheco A
通讯作者：
Fernández-Pacheco A

Vertical shift register using dipolar interaction in magnetic multilayers

在磁性多层中使用偶极相互作用的垂直移位寄存器