FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES FOR AN AMMONIA ECONOMY

用于氨经济的燃料电池技术

• 批准号: EP/M014371/1
• 负责人: Daniel Brett
• 金额: $ 146.13万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FM014371%2F1
• 关键词: FUEL; CELL; TECHNOLOGIES; AMMONIA; ECONOMY

We propose to develop a radically new system for low-temperature hydrogen fuel cells that promises a performance that can match proton-exchange membrane fuel cells but costs less and is more robust. Our system involves two new technologies, which we ourselves have developed: alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells (that contain alkaline anion-exchange polymer electrolytes materials that conduct hydroxide anions, and use low to zero levels of precious metal catalysts) coupled with a new effective method of hydrogen delivery based on ammonia. Our ammonia will be sourced from a low-carbon grid-balancing project that is led by Siemens AG, funded by the TSB and based at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. The ability of ammonia to fulfil both the role of energy buffer and energy vector (that closely mimics fossil fuel hydrocarbons such as propane and butane) indicates its potential to play a central part in a future low-carbon economy.The proposed hydrogen store is liquid ammonia, stored at modest pressures (10 - 20 atmospheres), which is cracked at moderate temperatures (350 - 500 degC) using a novel chemical reaction mechanism that does not involve rare-metal catalysts. Our recently discovered, inexpensive approach to ammonia decomposition involves the concurrent stoichiometric decomposition and regeneration of sodium amide via sodium: it is anticipated to lead to less than a 10% loss of efficiency.In the past decade, there has been an increased level of research into using hydroxide conducting alkaline anion-exchange polymer electrolytes in all-solid-state alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells. A major rationale for this is such fuel cells hold the most promise for the elimination of precious metal catalysts. Additionally, low temperature (acidic) proton-exchange membrane fuel cells are irreversibly damaged by < ppm amounts of ammonia. Alkaline fuel cells, on the other hand, can tolerate several % of ammonia in the hydrogen fuel without serious performances or durability losses. Alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells have even been operated with pure ammonia as the fuel.The actively managed project (that will fully integrate into the UK's SuperGen Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Hub) will involve the development of novel amide and imide based systems for ammonia decomposition as well as the next generation of conductive and durable anion-exchange polymer electrolytes and low cost catalysts (in close partnership with Amalyst Ltd.) to produce alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells with improved performances over the current state-of-art. The polymer electrolyte development will include novel dual role alkaline ionomers that allows conduction of the hydroxide anions in the catalyst layers and also catalyses the decomposition of trace ammonia (to help ensure zero ammonia emissions from the fuel cell). Anode catalysts that can not only oxidise hydrogen in the presence of ammonia, but oxidise the ammonia itself (again to help eliminate ammonia emissions) will be specifically targeted. Non-precious-metal cathode catalysts will be used and ported from current and prior research programmes.The culmination of the project will be the development of a combined system incorporating the ammonia cracker, an alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cell incorporating developed technologies, balance-of-plant, and a control and monitoring system. Taking the systems approach beyond the test bed, a study will be performed that delivers flowsheet and device designs for a 5 kWe system to be taken forward via future projects in direct collaboration with industry.

我们建议开发一种全新的低温氢燃料电池系统，其性能可以与质子交换膜燃料电池相匹配，但成本更低，更耐用。我们的系统涉及我们自己开发的两项新技术：碱性聚合物电解质燃料电池（含有碱性阴离子交换聚合物电解质材料，可传导氢氧根阴离子，并使用低至零水平的贵金属催化剂），以及基于氨的新的有效氢气输送方法。我们的氨将来自一个低碳电网平衡项目，该项目由西门子公司领导，由TSB资助，总部设在卢瑟福阿普尔顿实验室。氨同时发挥能量缓冲和能量载体作用的能力（与丙烷和丁烷等化石燃料碳氢化合物非常相似）表明其在未来低碳经济中发挥核心作用的潜力。（10 - 20个大气压），在中等温度（350 - 500摄氏度）下使用不涉及稀有金属催化剂的新型化学反应机制裂解。我们最近发现的廉价的氨分解方法包括同时化学计量分解和通过钠再生氨基钠：预计将导致低于10%的效率损失。在过去的十年中，在全固态碱性聚合物电解质燃料电池中使用氢氧化物传导碱性阴离子交换聚合物电解质的研究水平有所提高。这样做的一个主要理由是这种燃料电池最有希望消除贵金属催化剂。此外，低温（酸性）质子交换膜燃料电池被< ppm量的氨不可逆地损坏。另一方面，碱性燃料电池可以耐受氢燃料中几%的氨，而没有严重的性能或耐久性损失。碱性聚合物电解质燃料电池甚至可以用纯氨作为燃料。该积极管理的项目（将完全融入英国的SuperGen氢气和燃料电池中心）将涉及开发用于氨分解的新型酰胺和酰亚胺基系统，以及下一代导电和耐用的阴离子交换聚合物电解质和低成本催化剂（与Amalyst Ltd.密切合作）。聚合物电解质开发将包括新型的双重作用碱性离聚物，其允许催化剂层中的氢氧根阴离子的传导，并且还催化痕量氨的分解（以帮助确保燃料电池的零氨排放）。阳极催化剂不仅可以在氨的存在下氧化氢，而且可以氧化氨本身（再次帮助消除氨排放），这将是特别的目标。非贵金属阴极催化剂将从目前和以前的研究方案中使用和移植，该项目的最终成果将是开发一个综合系统，其中包括氨裂解器、一个采用先进技术的碱性聚合物电解质燃料电池、工厂平衡以及一个控制和监测系统。将系统方法应用于试验台之外，将进行一项研究，为5 kWe系统提供流程图和设备设计，以便通过与行业直接合作的未来项目向前推进。

项目成果

Palladium-Ceria Catalysts with Enhanced Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation Activity for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

• DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.9b00657
• 发表时间: 2019-07-01
• 期刊: ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: Bellini, Marco;Pagliaro, Maria V.;Vizza, Francesco
• 通讯作者: Vizza, Francesco

Electro-thermal mapping of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells with a fractal flow-field

• DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114924
• 发表时间: 2021-12
• 期刊: Energy Conversion and Management
• 影响因子: 10.4
• 作者: V. S. Bethapudi;J. Hack;G. Hinds;P. Shearing;D. Brett;M. Coppens

Integration of supercapacitors into printed circuit boards

• DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2018.06.016
• 发表时间: 2018-10
• 期刊: Journal of Energy Storage
• 影响因子: 9.4
• 作者: Dina Ibrahim Abouelamaiem;L. Rasha;Guanjie He;T. Neville;J. Millichamp;T. Mason;A. B. Jorge;I. Parkin

A lung-inspired printed circuit board polymer electrolyte fuel cell

• DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2019.112198
• 发表时间: 2019-12-15
• 期刊: ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
• 影响因子: 10.4
• 作者: Bethapudi, V. S.;Hack, J.;Coppens, M. -O.
• 通讯作者: Coppens, M. -O.

Synergistic relationship between the three-dimensional nanostructure and electrochemical performance in biocarbon supercapacitor electrode materials

• DOI: 10.1039/c7se00519a
• 发表时间: 2018-04-01
• 期刊: SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
• 影响因子: 5.6
• 作者: Abouelamaiem, Dina Ibrahim;He, Guanjie;Brett, Daniel J. L.
• 通讯作者: Brett, Daniel J. L.