Cleaning water with mud: clay minerals producing reactive oxidizing species

用泥浆清洁水：产生活性氧化物质的粘土矿物

• 批准号: EP/M017109/1
• 负责人: Anke Neumann
• 金额: $ 28.6万
• 依托单位: Newcastle University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FM017109%2F1
• 关键词: Cleaning; water; mud; clay; minerals

We take for granted that high quality drinking water is delivered directly to our home and that the wastewater we produce is treated to a level where it is safe to be released into the environment. Water treatment involves, however, intense inputs in the form of chemicals and energy to transform organic contaminants into a harmless form and to destroy harmful microbes, making water treatment a financially and environmentally costly process. In the proposed research, we will explore whether an abundant and low-cost natural material, clay minerals, can sustainably generate reactive oxidizing species for advanced oxidation in water treatment. This approach would need no chemical or energy input and would therefore minimize negative environmental impacts as well as make advanced oxidation affordable also for low-income countries.We suggest that ferrous iron-containing clay minerals can produce a series of reactive oxidizing species during the reaction with oxygen, similar to what is known for dissolved ferrous iron. Using iron in the structure of clay minerals is, however, key to reliable and repeated regeneration of oxidizing reactivity at the site where oxidation is needed and thus to designing a sustainable advanced oxidation process. In this research, we will provide a proof of concept for advanced oxidation based on iron-bearing clay minerals and will specifically investigate (1) whether ferrous iron-containing clay minerals oxidize contaminants and inactivate microbes in the presence of oxygen;(2) which reactive oxidizing species is produced during the reaction and whether any species bound to the clay mineral surface are formed, and(3) how the oxidative reactivity of clay minerals can be sustainably regenerated.In a first step, we will thus probe for oxidative reactivity in our clay mineral systems by monitoring the oxidation of model organic contaminants and the viability of microbial organisms. Different clay minerals will be screened to determine the effect of clay mineral properties on their oxidative reactivity and to identify the most promising clay mineral for further investigation. To identify which reactive oxidizing species is produced during the reaction, we will then use specific probe compounds that will react with only one of the different reactive oxidizing species that could potentially form. In additional experiments, clay minerals will be separated from the specific probe compounds by means of semipermeable membranes, allowing us to identify whether reactive oxidizing species are bound to the clay mineral surface. The results from these experiments will demonstrate the effectiveness of iron-bearing clay mineral-based advanced oxidation for disinfection and contaminant oxidation. In a last series of experiments, we will assess how we can reliably and repeatedly regenerate the oxidative reactivity of iron-bearing clay minerals. To this end, we will start with batch experiments in which the re-cycling of clay mineral reactivity will be achieved with chemicals and we will then apply the same approach to column experiments. Next, the activity of specific microbes will be used to regenerate the oxidative reactivity of clay minerals and finally only water flow and column saturation will be managed to show how iron-bearing clay minerals can be used for sustainable advanced oxidation.In this research, we aim to demonstrate that advanced oxidation for water treatment can be implemented using a natural material often referred to as "mud" and how this advanced oxidation process can be managed and applied sustainably for water treatment or soil and sediment remediation. The expected results will illustrate a way forward to identifying new and intrinsically sustainable water treatment processes that could be applied in high-, middle, and low-income countries.

我们理所当然地认为，高品质的饮用水直接输送到我们的家中，我们产生的废水经过处理，可以安全地排放到环境中。然而，水处理涉及化学品和能源形式的大量投入，以将有机污染物转化为无害形式并摧毁有害微生物，使水处理成为一个经济和环境成本高昂的过程。在拟议的研究中，我们将探索一种丰富且低成本的天然材料，粘土矿物，是否可以持续产生活性氧化物种，用于水处理中的高级氧化。这种方法将不需要化学或能源投入，因此将减少对环境的负面影响，以及使先进的氧化也负担得起的低收入countries.We建议，含亚铁粘土矿物可以产生一系列的活性氧化物种在与氧气的反应过程中，类似于什么是已知的溶解亚铁。然而，在粘土矿物的结构中使用铁是在需要氧化的地点可靠和重复再生氧化反应性的关键，从而设计可持续的高级氧化工艺。在本研究中，我们将提供基于含铁粘土矿物的高级氧化的概念验证，并将具体研究（1）含亚铁粘土矿物是否在氧气存在下氧化污染物并抑制微生物;（2）在反应过程中产生哪些反应性氧化物质以及是否形成结合到粘土矿物表面的任何物质，以及（3）粘土矿物的氧化反应性如何可持续地再生。在第一步中，我们将通过监测模型有机污染物的氧化和微生物有机体的生存能力来探测我们的粘土矿物系统中的氧化反应性。将筛选不同的粘土矿物，以确定粘土矿物性质对其氧化反应性的影响，并确定最有前途的粘土矿物进行进一步研究。为了确定反应过程中产生的反应性氧化物质，我们将使用特定的探针化合物，这些化合物将仅与可能形成的不同反应性氧化物质中的一种反应。在额外的实验中，粘土矿物将通过半透膜从特定的探针化合物中分离出来，使我们能够确定活性氧化物质是否与粘土矿物表面结合。这些实验的结果将证明基于含铁粘土矿物的高级氧化用于消毒和污染物氧化的有效性。在最后一系列的实验中，我们将评估如何可靠和重复地再生含铁粘土矿物的氧化反应性。为此，我们将从批次实验开始，其中粘土矿物反应性的再循环将用化学品实现，然后我们将采用相同的方法进行柱实验。接下来，将利用特定微生物的活性来再生粘土矿物的氧化反应性，最后仅管理水流和柱饱和度来展示含铁粘土矿物如何用于可持续的高级氧化。我们的目标是证明水处理的高级氧化可以使用通常被称为“泥”的天然材料来实现。以及如何管理和可持续地将这种高级氧化过程应用于水处理或土壤和沉积物修复。预期的结果将说明一种前进的方式，以确定新的和本质上可持续的水处理工艺，可应用于高，中，低收入国家。