Multi-objective performance-based design of tall buildings using energy harvesting enabled tuned mass-damper-inerter (TMDI) devices

该项目主要研究受风和/或地震影响的建筑物，其振荡运动通过常用的调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)控制，TMD是通过弹簧和粘性阻尼器安装在建筑物顶部的附加自由振动质量。TMD经过优化设计(调整)，使动能从建筑物(“主结构”)传递到TMD质量，并由阻尼器消散。一般来说，更大的TMD质量可以实现更好的减振，但这受到建筑和结构(重量)限制。控制风致振动需要TMD质量占总建筑质量的1%-5%，对于严重的地震激励，这一比例可以达到15%-20%或更多。该项目：-利用基于飞轮的质量放大设备(MAD)的质量放大效应，在不改变TMD重量的情况下获得TMD+MAD配置的不同视质量；-通过将MAD的飞轮限制在磁场中，将旋转动能转化为电能，探索从风致建筑振动中获取能量的潜力；-在基于性能的多目标结构设计框架内建立“主动”控制模式：TMD+MAD的表观质量根据针对不同目标的预先设定的“最佳”调谐值而变化，例如在可使用状态下的最佳减振--“中等”表观质量；最大限度地在办公大楼的非工作时间收集能量--“低”表观质量；最大限度地减少最终状态下结构损坏的可能性(极端风锋/下爆发或地震)--“大”表观质量)。这些变化可以通过天气预报和/或地震预警系统来实现“智能”/自适应、能源效率和弹性结构。拟议的研究想法具有潜在的变革性，因为它将允许在拥挤的城市环境中(例如，伦敦、东京、纽约等地，土地利用优化至关重要)通过与目前使用的更轻的TMD控制风致(和/或地震)振荡的能力，在拥挤的城市环境中建造更细长、更高、更具成本效益和美观的高层建筑。这些建筑在更恶劣的气候环境中也会更安全，并且通过从大振幅振荡中有效地收集能量来减少二氧化碳足迹。2)将改变建筑结构的“用途”和功能。通过主动控制框架，办公楼的设计可以确保在工作时间为居住者提供绝对的舒适性，即使在未来由气候变化引起的极端风的情况下也是如此，而这种风最初并不是为之而建的。在非工作时间，同样的结构变成了一个灵活的悬臂，从风能中产生可再生能源。该项目的潜在最终影响是：-技术：为英国和全球民用和机械/汽车应用的减振和能量收集设备的国际制造商带来可观的新技术研发和商业化机会。社会：提高基础设施用户的舒适性、美观性，以及在未来因气候变化而产生的激进环境下的结构安全性和弹性。经济：刺激制造业、建筑业和工程咨询公司走向世界级结构，为能量收集和振动控制而优化设计；提高现有和未来基础设施的价值和经济生命周期。环境：通过优化风能收集、更少的材料使用和更好的土地利用来减少建筑的能源消耗和二氧化碳足迹，因为可以以经济高效的方式建造更多的高层建筑。

This project focuses on wind and/or earthquake excited buildings whose oscillatory motion is controlled via, the commonly used, tuned-mass-damper (TMD): an additional free-to-vibrate mass mounted to the top of buildings via springs and viscous dampers. TMDs are optimally designed (tuned) such that kinetic energy is transferred from the building ("primary structure") to the TMD mass and dissipated by dampers. In general, larger TMD mass achieves better vibration suppression, but this is limited by architectural and structural (weight) constraints. Control of wind induced vibrations require TMD mass of 1%-5% of total building mass and this ratio can reach up to 15-20% or more for severe earthquake excitations.The project:-exploits the mass amplification effect of flywheel-based mass amplification devices (MADs) to achieve different apparent mass for the TMD+MAD configuration without changing the TMD weight; -explores the potential of energy harvesting from wind-induced building vibrations by containing the MAD's flywheel within a magnetic field such that rotational kinetic energy is transformed into electric energy;-establishes a "pro-active" control paradigm within a multi-objective performance-based structural design framework: the apparent mass of the TMD+MAD changes through gearing according to pre-set "optimally" tuned values for different objectives such as optimal vibration suppression at serviceability state for user comfort- "medium" apparent mass; maximization of energy harvesting during off-hours in office buildings- "low" apparent mass; minimisation of potential for structural damage at ultimate state {extreme wind fronts/downbursts or earthquakes}- "large" apparent mass). These changes can be "programmable" and informed by weather forecast and/or by early warning earthquake systems achieving "smart"/adaptive, energy efficient and resilient structures.The proposed research idea is potentially transformative because it:1)will allow for ever-more slender, taller, cost-effective, and aesthetically pleasing tall buildings in congested urban environments (e.g., London, Tokyo, NY, etc. where land use optimisation is essential) through the ability to control wind-induced (and/or earthquake) oscillations by more lightweight TMDs compared to the ones used today. These buildings will also be safer in more aggressive climate environments and with lower CO2 footprint through effective energy harvesting from large amplitude oscillations.2)will change the "purpose" and functionality of building structures. Through the pro-active control framework, an office building can be designed to ensure absolute comfort to occupants during work hours even under future ever extreme climate change-induced winds for whichit has not been initially been built for. During off-hours the same structure becomes a flexible cantilever producing renewable energy from wind. The potential ultimate impact ot the project is:-TECHNOLOGICAL: sparkling considerable new technological R&D and commercialisation opportunities for UK and international manufacturers of vibration suppression and energy harvesting equipment for civil and mechanical/automotive applications globally. SOCIETAL: enhancing infrastructure users' comfort, aesthetics, and structural safety and resiliency under future aggressive environments due to climate change. ECONOMICAL: stimulating the manufacturing sector, the construction industry, and the engineering consultancies towards world-class structures optimally designed for energy harvesting and vibration control; enhancing existing and future infrastructure value and economic life-cycle. ENVIRONMENTAL: reducing energy use and CO2 footprint of buildings through optimum wind energy harvesting, less material usage, and better land usage since more tall buildings can be built in a cost-effective manner.