SLEEP APNEA IN SEALS: METABOLIC IMPLICATIONS

海豹睡眠呼吸暂停：代谢影响

• 批准号: 3471257
• 负责人: Michael A Castellini
• 金额: $ 8.61万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-09-01 至 1992-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3471257
• 关键词: Pinnipedia; acid base balance; blood cell count; blood chemistry; dyes; electrocardiography; fatty acid metabolism; glucose metabolism; heart rate; hemodynamics; hypoxanthines; hypoxia; juvenile animal; lactates; marine biology; metabolism; oxygen tension; respiratory center dysfunction; veterinary science

This proposal outlines the first systematic study of the metabolic impact of apnea on a mammalian species that routinely withstands long duration breath-holds while sleeping. The northern elephant seal pup experiences hypoxic conditions during sleep apnea that can not be withstood by terrestrial mammals. As pups and adults, these seals are capable of long duration sleep apnea of up to 30 minutes. The findings will allow basic biological and medical comparisons to humans and other mammals that exhibit abnormal respiratory patterns during sleep. Preliminary studies suggest that sleep apnea in the juvenile seal is a non-steady state condition during which hypoxia tolerance, heart rate changes, blood chemistry variations and substrate utilization patterns are significantly different from patterns seen in sleeping terrestrial mammals and remarkably similar to those seen when seals dive. This study has three major objectives: 1) The basic metabolic characterization of the sleep apnea phenomenon in juvenile seals. 2) The elucidation of similarities between hypoxia tolerance during sleep apnea and metabolic regulation during breath-hold diving. 3) Application of the findings to comparative studies of hypoxia tolerance during sleep apnea or chronic hypoxia in terrestrial species. Studies will include: Measuring shifts in blood gases, heart rate and blood pH during apnea; following the metabolism of plasma borne substrates through aerobic and anaerobic pathways (glucose, fatty acids, lactate); examining the metabolism of hypoxanthine as a clinical marker of hypoxia; following changes in blood flow pattern, hematocrit regulation and peripheral organ perfusion and function; examining tissues for biochemical adaptations to hypoxia. Similar studies on both forced and unrestrained diving seals will provide the data for comparing sleep apnea to the apnea experienced while the seal is awake and diving. Finally, using accepted clinical techniques for modifying central sleep apnea patterns in humans (e.g. oxygen supplementation), efforts will be made to modify and further characterize sleep apnea patterns in seals. This proposal will allow this basic investigation of sleep apnea in the seal to best be used for biological and medical comparative studies.

该提案概述了代谢的第一个系统研究 呼吸暂停对哺乳动物物种的影响 睡眠时能承受长时间屏气。 这 北象海豹幼崽在生长过程中经历缺氧状态 陆地哺乳动物无法承受的睡眠呼吸暂停。 作为 幼崽和成年海豹能够长时间睡眠 呼吸暂停长达 30 分钟。 这些发现将使基本的生物学 以及与人类和其他哺乳动物的医学比较 睡眠期间表现出异常的呼吸模式。 初步研究表明，幼年海豹的睡眠呼吸暂停是 一种非稳态条件，在此期间耐缺氧， 心率变化、血液化学变化和底物 使用模式与所看到的模式显着不同 在睡眠的陆生哺乳动物中，与那些非常相似 海豹潜水时可见。 这项研究有三个主要目标： 1）睡眠呼吸暂停的基本代谢特征 幼海豹中的现象。 2）相似性的阐明 睡眠呼吸暂停期间的缺氧耐受性与代谢之间的关系 屏气潜水期间的调节。 3）研究结果的应用 睡眠呼吸暂停期间缺氧耐受性的比较研究或 陆地物种的慢性缺氧。 研究将包括： 测量血气、心率的变化 和呼吸暂停期间的血液 pH 值；跟随血浆的代谢 通过有氧和无氧途径携带底物（葡萄糖， 脂肪酸、乳酸盐）；检查次黄嘌呤的代谢 作为缺氧的临床标志；随着血流量的变化 模式、血细胞比容调节和外周器官灌注 功能;检查组织的生化适应 缺氧。 对强迫潜水和无限制潜水的类似研究 海豹将提供用于比较睡眠呼吸暂停与呼吸暂停的数据 当海豹醒着并潜水时所经历的。 最后，使用 公认的治疗中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停的临床技术 人类的模式（例如补充氧气），努力将是 旨在修改和进一步表征睡眠呼吸暂停模式 密封件。 该提案将允许对睡眠进行基本研究 密封中的呼吸暂停最适合用于生物和医学 比较研究。