SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF BEHAVIOR

社会结构和行为发展

• 批准号: 3469616
• 负责人: MICHAEL PEREIRA
• 金额: $ 7.44万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-05-01 至 1993-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3469616
• 关键词: aggression; animal developmental psychology; behavior prediction; behavior test; eating; ethology; longitudinal animal study; small social group; social behavior

The first longitudinal, comparative investigation of social structure and development of social behavior in lemurs is proposed. Major objectives are to illuminate the social structures of populations and groups of ringtailed and brown lemurs, and to determine how the behavior of adults and peers in these two societies canalizes development of social behavior in prereproductive individuals toward age- and sex-typical patterns. Because they mature relatively quickly, lemurs are particularly valuable yet untapped resources for research on primate behavioral development. This five-year study will produce behavioral data across prereproductive development for three birth-cohorts (10-15 subjects/cohort) and cross-sectional information from five cohorts of each age-sex class between late infancy and mature adulthood. Systematic behavioral sampling will focus on affinitive and agonistic interactions among juvenile, adolescent, and adult members of two groups of each species. Detailing both structural and contextual features of all social interactions will allow many questions essential to understanding the effects of species identity, age, sex, season, and group size/composition on the development of social behavior to be addressed. All subjects genealogies and histories are known and they live in forested enclosures that provide home ranges of natural size and structure; however, subjects also remain highly accessible for monthly data to be gathered on canine length, body weight, stage of estrus, testicular size and anatomy, and circulating levels of testosterone and cortisol. Several hypothetical relationships between societal and physiological influences on behavioral development will be investigated. Lemur societies represent a second major system of primate social organization and their investigation is a logical and critically important next avenue to pursue in comparative research. Females dominate males in Lemur societies. This female priority is expected to be associated with salient social dynamics not yet known or only partly illuminated for anthropoid primates because thy have not been anticipated or are more subtly expressed in "male-dominated" species. Also, species in which females dominate males provide unique opportunities to test important hypotheses concerning sex roles in society and the development of behavior. Currently, no long-term data are available for any group of prosimians to complement over 25 years of data from cercopithecine monkeys. With such data, coherent arrays of differences/similarities between prosimian, nonhuman anthropoid, and hominid behavior could be discerned that suggest plausible evolutionary changes in primate behavior and identify principles of primate behavioral development.

第一次纵向、比较的社会调查 提出了狐猴社会行为的结构和发展。 主要目的是阐明 环尾狐猴和棕色狐猴的种群和群体，以及 确定成年人和同龄人在这两种情况下的行为 社会将社会行为的发展美化为 生育前个体倾向于年龄和性别的典型模式。 因为它们成熟得相对较快，狐猴特别 灵长类动物行为研究有价值但尚未开发的资源 发展。这项为期五年的研究将产生行为数据 三个出生队列(10-15岁)的生殖前发育 受试者/队列)和来自五个队列的横断面信息 在婴儿期后期和成年期之间的每个年龄-性别阶层。 系统的行为抽样将重点放在亲和力和 青少年、青少年和成人之间的竞争性相互作用 每一物种的两个群体的成员。详细介绍了这两种结构 所有社交互动的上下文功能将允许许多 理解物种影响的基本问题 身份、年龄、性别、季节和群体规模/组成 社会行为的发展有待解决。所有科目 家谱和历史是已知的，它们生活在森林中 提供自然大小和结构的居家范围的外壳； 然而，受试者仍然可以高度访问月度数据 采集到犬的体长、体重、发情期， 睾丸的大小和解剖，以及循环中的睾酮水平 和皮质醇。社会与社会之间的几个假设关系 对行为发育的生理影响将是 调查过了。狐猴协会代表着第二个主要的 灵长类社会组织及其调查是合乎逻辑的 和至关重要的下一个途径，在比较中追求 研究。在狐猴社会中，女性主宰男性。这只雌性 优先级预计将与显著的社会动态相关联 对于类人灵长类动物，尚不清楚或只有部分阐明 因为你没有被预料到，或者更微妙地表达了 在“男性主导”的物种中。还有，雌性的物种 占统治地位的男性提供独特的机会来测试重要的 关于社会中的性别角色和发展的假设 行为。目前，没有任何组的长期数据可用 来补充超过25年的原始数据 天猫猴。有了这样的数据，相干阵列 原猴、非人类人猿、 可以辨别出人类的行为，这表明 灵长类动物行为的进化变化和识别原则 灵长类动物的行为发育。