SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF BEHAVIOR

第一次纵向比较研究， 结构和发展的狐猴的社会行为。 主要目标是阐明社会结构， 环尾狐猴和棕色狐猴的种群和群体，以及 确定成年人和同龄人的行为如何在这两个 社会引导社会行为的发展 生殖前个体的年龄和性别的典型模式。 因为它们成熟得比较快，狐猴特别 研究灵长类动物行为的宝贵而尚未开发的资源 发展 这项为期五年的研究将产生行为数据 三个出生队列（10-15岁）的生殖前发育 受试者/队列）和5个队列的横断面信息 在婴儿晚期和成年期之间的每个年龄性别类别。 系统的行为抽样将侧重于亲和力和 少年、青少年和成人之间的竞争性相互作用 每个物种的两个群体的成员。 详细介绍了两个结构 所有社会互动的背景特征将允许许多 了解物种影响的关键问题 身份、年龄、性别、季节和小组规模/组成 社会行为的发展需要解决。 所有受试者 家谱和历史是已知的，他们生活在森林 提供自然大小和结构的家域的围栏; 然而，主题也仍然很容易获得月度数据， 收集犬的长度、体重、发情期， 睾丸的大小和解剖结构，以及睾丸激素的循环水平 和皮质醇 几种假设的社会关系 对行为发展的生理影响 研究了 狐猴社会代表了第二个 灵长类社会组织和他们的调查是一个合乎逻辑的 下一个至关重要的途径， research. 在狐猴社会中雌性支配雄性。 这个女 预计优先事项与突出的社会动态有关 对灵长类动物还不了解或仅部分了解 因为你没有被预料到或者被更巧妙地表达出来 在“男性主导”的物种中。 同样，雌性 占主导地位的男性提供了独特的机会，以测试重要的 关于社会中性别角色的假设和 行为 目前，没有任何群体的长期数据 补充了25年来的数据， 长尾猴 有了这些数据， 原猿类，非人类的类人猿， 和原始人类的行为表明 灵长类动物行为的进化变化，并确定原则 灵长类动物行为发展的关键

The first longitudinal, comparative investigation of social structure and development of social behavior in lemurs is proposed. Major objectives are to illuminate the social structures of populations and groups of ringtailed and brown lemurs, and to determine how the behavior of adults and peers in these two societies canalizes development of social behavior in prereproductive individuals toward age- and sex-typical patterns. Because they mature relatively quickly, lemurs are particularly valuable yet untapped resources for research on primate behavioral development. This five-year study will produce behavioral data across prereproductive development for three birth-cohorts (10-15 subjects/cohort) and cross-sectional information from five cohorts of each age-sex class between late infancy and mature adulthood. Systematic behavioral sampling will focus on affinitive and agonistic interactions among juvenile, adolescent, and adult members of two groups of each species. Detailing both structural and contextual features of all social interactions will allow many questions essential to understanding the effects of species identity, age, sex, season, and group size/composition on the development of social behavior to be addressed. All subjects genealogies and histories are known and they live in forested enclosures that provide home ranges of natural size and structure; however, subjects also remain highly accessible for monthly data to be gathered on canine length, body weight, stage of estrus, testicular size and anatomy, and circulating levels of testosterone and cortisol. Several hypothetical relationships between societal and physiological influences on behavioral development will be investigated. Lemur societies represent a second major system of primate social organization and their investigation is a logical and critically important next avenue to pursue in comparative research. Females dominate males in Lemur societies. This female priority is expected to be associated with salient social dynamics not yet known or only partly illuminated for anthropoid primates because thy have not been anticipated or are more subtly expressed in "male-dominated" species. Also, species in which females dominate males provide unique opportunities to test important hypotheses concerning sex roles in society and the development of behavior. Currently, no long-term data are available for any group of prosimians to complement over 25 years of data from cercopithecine monkeys. With such data, coherent arrays of differences/similarities between prosimian, nonhuman anthropoid, and hominid behavior could be discerned that suggest plausible evolutionary changes in primate behavior and identify principles of primate behavioral development.