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Advanced Radioactive Waste Treatment using Nanostructured Hybrid Composites (NaSHC).

使用纳米结构混合复合材料 (NaSHC) 进行先进的放射性废物处理。

基本信息

批准号：
EP/M026469/1
负责人：
Gary Bond
金额：
$ 23.42万
依托单位：
University of Central Lancashire
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FM026469%2F1
关键词：
Advanced Radioactive Waste Treatment using

项目摘要

The operation of the UK nuclear facilities gives rise to various and diverse wastes, many are aqueous liquids. These wastes although comparatively dilute in radionuclides require treatment before they can be discarded into the environment. These radionuclides include fission products and minor actinides, little or no uranium and/or plutonium as these actinides have been removed by the PUREX process. Decommissioning of the UK's nuclear facilities will generate significantly larger volumes of liquid wastes from the decontamination of plant/equipment. Although decontamination liquors are restricted to nitric acid, citric acid and sodium hydroxide as these materials are compatible with the materials of construction other proprietary materials are used when necessary. This variety of liquids results in various treatment techniques some of which render these treated liquid unrecyclable adding to the waste management impact. Solid materials from these treated liquids require further treatment before being considered for disposal.Our programme will develop nano-structured hybrid materials that have high affinities for various fission products and actinides that can function in acid and alkaline solutions. One key feature of the synthetic route will be the preparation of low cost materials that are stable to acid or alkali and have high capacities to minimise the quantity needed to treat these liquid wastes. Preparation of low cost nano materials has eluded scientists to date and therefore accounts for their restricted use. The second key feature will be selecting the appropriate functionality of the nano material to discriminate between candidate radionuclides and non radionuclides that will be found in proprietary decontamination liquids. The third key feature of the preparative route will be to in-build a solid/ liquid separation technology; one technique that will be incorporated is a ferrite core thus allowing the separation to be accomplished by a magnetic field. It is envisaged that these nano materials could be used in-situ thus preventing a build up of radioactivity in the liquid.The net result is an integrated clean up process that removes contamination in situ but also and equally important produces an end-product that can be accommodated into existing encapsulation techniques such as cementation or vitrification for final disposal.

英国核设施的运行产生了各种各样的废物，其中许多是含水液体。尽管这些废物的放射性核素含量相对较低，但在将其丢弃到环境中之前仍需要进行处理。这些放射性核素包括裂变产物和次要锕系元素、很少或没有铀和/或钚，因为这些锕系元素已通过 PUREX 工艺去除。英国核设施的退役将在工厂/设备净化过程中产生大量液体废物。尽管净化液仅限于硝酸、柠檬酸和氢氧化钠，因为这些材料与建筑材料相容，但必要时仍可使用其他专有材料。液体的多样性导致了不同的处理技术，其中一些处理技术使得这些处理过的液体不可回收，增加了废物管理的影响。来自这些处理过的液体的固体材料在考虑处置之前需要进一步处理。我们的计划将开发纳米结构的混合材料，这些材料对各种裂变产物和锕系元素具有高亲和力，可以在酸性和碱性溶液中发挥作用。该合成路线的一个关键特征是制备对酸或碱稳定且具有高容量的低成本材料，以最大限度地减少处理这些液体废物所需的数量。迄今为止，科学家们一直无法制备低成本纳米材料，因此其使用受到限制。第二个关键特征是选择纳米材料的适当功能，以区分专有净化液体中存在的候选放射性核素和非放射性核素。该制备路线的第三个关键特征是内置固/液分离技术；将采用的一项技术是铁氧体磁芯，从而允许通过磁场来完成分离。据设想，这些纳米材料可以原位使用，从而防止液体中放射性的积聚。最终结果是一个集成的清理过程，可以在原位去除污染物，但同样重要的是，产生的最终产品可以适应现有的封装技术，例如水泥或玻璃化，以进行最终处置。