USE-DEPENDENT ALTERATIONS OF MOTOR CORTEX

运动皮层因使用而发生的变化

• 批准号: 3477924
• 负责人: Randolph J. Nudo
• 金额: $ 8.64万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-01-01 至 1994-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3477924
• 关键词: Saimiri; behavior; brain mapping; cerebral dominance; electromyography; electrostimulus; experience; handedness; motor cortex; neural plasticity; neuroanatomy; neurophysiology; operant conditionings; sensory cortex

The relationship between cortical motor representations and motor abilities in adult primates will be examined using modern neurophysiological and behavioral training techniques. The overall objective of these proposed studies is to determine whether idiosyncrasies in motor representations in primary motor cortex are related to specific behavioral traits, and whether these representations can be altered through use. In order to determine whether idiosyncrasies in map detail have functional correlates, we will examine asymmetries in motor representations between the two hemispheres of the same individuals, and the relationship of these asymmetries to lateralized motor skills, i.e., handedness. In order to determine whether functional maps in motor cortex are static or, as in somatosensory cortex, are subject to use-dependent alterations throughout life, we will compare motor and sensory map topography before and after operant conditioning of specific sets of muscles and/or movements. In each of these experiments, detailed maps of the cortical motor topography will be derived using standard intracortical microstimulation and multi-unit recording methods, combined with chronic electromyographic recording techniques. The possible generalization of adaptive processes to motor cortex ha far-reaching theoretical implications. The relationship of individual variation in motor maps and the specialization of motor skills may provide a basis for interpreting fundamental relationships between neuroanatomical structure and neurophysiological mechanisms operating in central motor systems. These studies may lead to a better understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying handedness and, more generally, may yield insight into the neural bases for motor learning. From a clinical perspective, these studies have the potential of providing a simple model of the neurophysiological processes underlying recovery of function following central or peripheral nervous system injury.

皮层运动表征与运动能力的关系 将使用现代神经生理学和 行为训练技术 这些建议的总体目标 研究的目的是确定运动表征中的特质是否在 初级运动皮层与特定的行为特征有关， 这些表示可以通过使用来改变。 为了确定 无论地图细节中的特质是否具有功能相关性，我们将 检查两个半球之间的运动表征的不对称性， 同样的个体，以及这些不对称性与 偏侧运动技能，即，惯用手 为了确定是否 运动皮层中的功能图是静态的，或者如在躯体感觉皮层中， 在整个生命过程中都会受到使用依赖性的改变，我们将比较 操作性条件反射前后的运动和感觉地图地形图 特定的肌肉和/或运动。 在这些实验中， 皮质运动地形图的详细地图将使用 标准的皮质内微刺激和多单元记录方法， 结合慢性肌电图记录技术。 可能的 将适应过程推广到运动皮层具有深远的意义， 理论上的影响。 个体变异与 运动地图和运动技能的专业化可以为以下方面提供基础： 解释神经解剖结构之间的基本关系 以及中枢运动系统中的神经生理机制。 这些研究可能会导致更好地了解神经机制 潜在的利手，更一般地说，可能会产生洞察力， 运动学习的神经基础 从临床角度来看，这些 研究有可能提供一个简单的模型， 神经生理过程的基础功能恢复后， 中枢或周围神经系统损伤。