USE-DEPENDENT ALTERATIONS OF MOTOR CORTEX

运动皮层因使用而发生的变化

• 批准号: 3477926
• 负责人: Randolph J. Nudo
• 金额: $ 9.99万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-01-01 至 1994-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3477926
• 关键词: Saimiri; behavior; brain mapping; cerebral dominance; electromyography; electrostimulus; experience; handedness; motor cortex; neural plasticity; neuroanatomy; neurophysiology; operant conditionings; sensory cortex

The relationship between cortical motor representations and motor abilities in adult primates will be examined using modern neurophysiological and behavioral training techniques. The overall objective of these proposed studies is to determine whether idiosyncrasies in motor representations in primary motor cortex are related to specific behavioral traits, and whether these representations can be altered through use. In order to determine whether idiosyncrasies in map detail have functional correlates, we will examine asymmetries in motor representations between the two hemispheres of the same individuals, and the relationship of these asymmetries to lateralized motor skills, i.e., handedness. In order to determine whether functional maps in motor cortex are static or, as in somatosensory cortex, are subject to use-dependent alterations throughout life, we will compare motor and sensory map topography before and after operant conditioning of specific sets of muscles and/or movements. In each of these experiments, detailed maps of the cortical motor topography will be derived using standard intracortical microstimulation and multi-unit recording methods, combined with chronic electromyographic recording techniques. The possible generalization of adaptive processes to motor cortex ha far-reaching theoretical implications. The relationship of individual variation in motor maps and the specialization of motor skills may provide a basis for interpreting fundamental relationships between neuroanatomical structure and neurophysiological mechanisms operating in central motor systems. These studies may lead to a better understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying handedness and, more generally, may yield insight into the neural bases for motor learning. From a clinical perspective, these studies have the potential of providing a simple model of the neurophysiological processes underlying recovery of function following central or peripheral nervous system injury.

皮质运动表征与运动能力之间的关系 将使用现代神经生理学和方法对成年灵长类动物进行检查 行为训练技术。 这些提议的总体目标 研究的目的是确定运动表征中是否存在特质 初级运动皮层与特定的行为特征相关，以及是否 这些表示可以通过使用而改变。 为了确定 地图细节中的特质是否具有功能相关性，我们将 检查大脑两个半球之间运动表征的不对称性 相同的个体，以及这些不对称性与 偏侧运动技能，即惯用手。 为了确定是否 运动皮层的功能图是静态的，或者像体感皮层一样， 在整个生命周期中都会发生依赖于使用的改变，我们将比较 操作性条件反射前后的运动和感觉图地形 特定的肌肉和/或运动组。 在每一个实验中， 皮质运动地形的详细地图将使用 标准皮质内微刺激和多单元记录方法， 结合慢性肌电图记录技术。 可能的 适应性过程对运动皮层的概括具有深远的意义 理论意义。 个体差异的关系 运动图和运动技能的专业化可以为 解释神经解剖结构之间的基本关系 和中枢运动系统中运作的神经生理机制。 这些研究可能有助于更好地理解神经机制 潜在的惯用手，更一般地说，可能会深入了解 运动学习的神经基础。 从临床角度来看，这些 研究有可能提供一个简单的模型 以下功能恢复的神经生理过程 中枢或周围神经系统损伤。