PARALLEL INFO PROCESSING CHANNELS OF THE VISUAL SYSTEM

视觉系统的并行信息处理通道

• 批准号: 3483851
• 负责人: Peter H Schiller
• 金额: $ 22.56万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1979
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1979-05-01 至 1994-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3483851
• 关键词: Macaca mulatta; binocular vision; color visions; electroretinography; eye movements; eye pharmacology; histology; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neurophysiology; psychophysics; single cell analysis; stimulus /response; vision; visual depth perception; visual feedback; visual pathways; visual perception; visual photosensitivity; visual stimulus

Information is processed along several parallel channels in the primate visual system. Some of these channels have been amply characterized with physiological and anatomical methods. In spite of this, at present we have only limited knowledge of the functions of these channels and why they have emerged in the course of evolution. The purpose of the proposed work is to obtain new evidence as to the function of two sets of channels in the visual system, the ON and OFF channels and the color-opponent and broad- band channels. To accomplish our aim, we have developed methods which allow us to reversibly or permanently inactivate some of these channels at various levels in the visual system using either pharmacological agents or lesions. Employing a combination of physiological and psychophysical methods we can then proceed to determine the neural responses and the visual capacities of monkeys while their visual system is intact or while one of the channels is blocked. The physiological methods we use are the electroretinogram and single-unit recordings in various parts of the visual system. The psychophysical methods we use involve training animals on a variety of detection and discrimination tasks allowing us to obtain reliable measures of the following visual capacities: color and luminance contrast sensitivities, stereopsis, acuity, pattern perception, motion perception and flicker sensitivity. Central to this effort is our ability to obtain psychophysical functions for specific retinal locations which we believe is an essential requirement for this kind of work. The findings of this research on the neural mechanisms of vision should provide significant new hints about the nature, cause and locus of visual deficits in patients, especially as it pertains to binocular vision where defects are most common in our society.

信息沿着多个并行通道进行处理 灵长类动物的视觉系统。 其中一些渠道已经充分 用生理学和解剖学方法来表征。 尽管 目前我们对这些功能的了解还很有限 这些渠道的概况以及它们为何在这一过程中出现 进化。 拟议工作的目的是获得新的 关于视觉中两组通道功能的证据 系统，ON 和 OFF 通道以及颜色对手和宽 频段频道。 为了实现我们的目标，我们制定了方法 这使我们能够可逆或永久地灭活某些 这些通道位于视觉系统的各个层次，使用 药物或损伤。 采用组合 然后我们可以继续进行生理和心理物理方法 确定猴子的神经反应和视觉能力 当他们的视觉系统完好无损或其中一个通道时 被阻止。 我们使用的生理方法是 各个部位的视网膜电图和单个单元记录 视觉系统。 我们使用的心理物理学方法包括 训练动物执行各种检测和辨别任务 使我们能够获得以下视觉的可靠测量 能力：颜色和亮度对比灵敏度， 立体视觉、敏锐度、图案知觉、运动知觉和 闪烁敏感度。 这项努力的核心是我们有能力 获得特定视网膜位置的心理物理功能 我们认为这是此类工作的基本要求。 这项关于视觉神经机制的研究结果 应提供关于性质、原因和 患者视力缺陷的根源，特别是与 双眼视觉缺陷是我们社会中最常见的。