Material demand reduction

物质需求减少

• 批准号: EP/N02351X/1
• 负责人: Julian Allwood
• 金额: $ 221.45万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FN02351X%2F1
• 关键词: Material; demand; reduction

One third of the world's energy is used in industry to make products - the buildings, infrastructure, vehicles, capital equipment and household goods that sustain our lifestyles. Most of this energy is needed in the early stages of production to convert raw materials, such as iron ore or trees, into stock materials like steel plates or reels of paper and because these materials are sold cheaply, but use a lot of energy, they are already made extremely efficiently. Therefore, the key materials with which we create modern lifestyles - steel, cement, plastic, paper and aluminium in particular - are the main 'carriers' of industrial energy, and if we want to make a big reduction in industrial energy use, we need to reduce our demand for these materials. In the UK, our recent history has led to closure of much of our capacity to make these materials, and although this has led to reductions in emissions occurring on UK territory, in reality our consumption of materials has grown, and the world's use of energy and emission of greenhouse gases has risen as our needs are met through imports.This project therefore aims to enable delivery of significant reductions in the use of both energy and energy-intensive materials in the Industries that supply the UK's physical needs. To achieve this, we need to understand the operation and performance of the whole material and energy system of UK industry; we need to understand better how options for physical change interact with the preferences of corporate clients and individual purchasers; we need to look for opportunities to innovate in products, processes and business models to use less material while serving the same need; and we need to identify the policy, business triggers that would lead to significant change while supporting UK prosperity.The investigators have already developed broad-ranging work aiming to justify and evaluate the technical opportunity for material demand reduction, in close collaboration with industry and government partners: the WellMet2050 project, funded as an EPSRC Leadership Fellowship, opened the door to recognising Material Efficiency as a strategy for saving energy and reducing emissions, and established several strategies for reducing total material demand. The book "Sustainable Materials: with both eyes open" arising form this project set out these strategies, and has been widely picked up: 20,000 individuals looked at the free online version of the book in its first year, and a second edition of the print version is being released in 2015. This new project aims to build on this foundation and work towards implementation of material demand reduction through a parallel programme of framing understanding and sector case-studies.The proposal has around £5m of committed gearing, including cash commitments to support around 20 PhD students mainly to connect the work to the specific interests of consortium partners. About half of these students have now started, and their work is set into context within the work programme described in the proposal. The project is also strongly supported by several government departments and a wide network of other organisations whose interests overlap. Communication is a core part of the activity of the project, to ensure that on-going and completed work is shared as widely as possible, in the most useful form with all relevant stakeholders. Communication mechanisms include on-going development of an organic website, publication of well-designed prospectuses and reports, development of short films for specific users, speeches, seminars, an International Visiting Fellows programme, and two invite only two-day workshops.

世界上三分之一的能源用于工业生产产品-维持我们生活方式的建筑物、基础设施、车辆、资本设备和家庭用品。大部分能源需要在生产的早期阶段将铁矿石或树木等原材料转化为钢板或纸卷等库存材料，因为这些材料价格便宜，但使用大量能源，所以它们已经非常有效。因此，我们创造现代生活方式的关键材料-特别是钢铁，水泥，塑料，纸张和铝-是工业能源的主要“载体”，如果我们想大幅减少工业能源的使用，我们需要减少对这些材料的需求。在英国，我们最近的历史已经导致我们关闭了大部分生产这些材料的能力，虽然这导致了英国领土上发生的排放减少，但实际上我们的材料消耗量已经增加，由于我们的需求是通过进口来满足的，世界能源的使用和温室气体的排放量都在上升。因此，该项目的目的是使这两种能源的使用量都大幅减少。能源和能源密集型材料的行业，提供英国的物质需求。为了实现这一目标，我们需要了解英国工业的整个材料和能源系统的运作和性能;我们需要更好地了解物理变化的选择如何与企业客户和个人购买者的偏好相互作用;我们需要寻找机会，在产品，流程和商业模式方面进行创新，以在满足相同需求的同时使用更少的材料;我们需要确定政策，商业触发因素，这将导致重大变化，同时支持英国的繁荣。调查人员已经开展了广泛的工作，旨在证明和评估减少材料需求的技术机会，与行业和政府合作伙伴密切合作：WellMet 2050项目由EPSRC领导奖学金资助，为将材料效率作为节能减排战略打开了大门，并制定了几项减少总材料需求的战略。由该项目产生的《可持续材料：睁大双眼》一书阐述了这些战略，并得到了广泛的采用：第一年就有20，000人阅读了该书的免费网络版，印刷版的第二版将于2015年发行。这个新项目旨在建立在这个基础上，通过框架理解和部门案例研究的平行计划，努力实现减少材料需求。该提案有大约500万英镑的承诺负债，包括支持大约20名博士生的现金承诺，主要是将工作与财团合作伙伴的具体利益联系起来。这些学生中约有一半现已开始学习，他们的工作已纳入提案中所述的工作方案。该项目还得到了多个政府部门和一个广泛的利益重叠的其他组织网络的大力支持。沟通是项目活动的核心部分，以确保正在进行和已完成的工作以最有用的形式尽可能广泛地与所有相关利益攸关方分享。交流机制包括不断开发一个有机网站、出版精心设计的说明书和报告、为特定用户制作短片、演讲、研讨会、国际访问研究员方案和两个仅邀请两天的讲习班。

项目成果

Energy and material efficiency of steel powder metallurgy

• DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.01.009
• 发表时间: 2018-04-01
• 期刊: POWDER TECHNOLOGY
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Azevedo, Jose M. C.;Serrenho, Andre Cabrera;Allwood, Julian M.
• 通讯作者: Allwood, Julian M.

Are prices enough? The economics of material demand reduction

价格够吗？

• DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0370
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
• 作者: Toke S. Aidt;Li Jia;Hamish Low
• 通讯作者: Hamish Low

Why are material efficiency solutions a limited part of the climate policy agenda? An application of the Multiple Streams Framework to UK policy on CO2 emissions from cars.

为什么材料效率解决方案在气候政策议程中的地位有限？

• DOI: 10.17863/cam.21777
• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Allwood J

Industry 1.61803: the transition to an industry with reduced material demand fit for a low carbon future.

• DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0361
• 发表时间: 2017-06-13
• 期刊: Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
• 作者: Allwood JM;Gutowski TG;Serrenho AC;Skelton ACH;Worrell E
• 通讯作者: Worrell E

Folding-shearing: Shrinking and stretching sheet metal with no thickness change

折叠剪切：收缩和拉伸金属板材，厚度不变

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cirp.2019.04.045
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: CIRP Annals
• 作者: Allwood J