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Dynamic Nuclear Polarisation And Non-Equilibrium Physics

动态核极化和非平衡物理

基本信息

批准号：
EP/N03404X/1
负责人：
Walter Kockenberger
金额：
$ 75.5万
依托单位：
University of Nottingham
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FN03404X%2F1
关键词：
Dynamic Nuclear Polarisation Non Equilibrium

项目摘要

Dyamic Nuclear Polarisation (DNP) is a technique that makes it possible to enhance the signal and hence the sensitivty of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. MRI is one of the key modalities in medical diagnostics and NMR spectroscopy is widely used in biomolecular research for structural investigation and in material research for probing molecular properties. The fundamental principle of these techniques is the detection of a weak sample magnetisation that arises from placing the sample (small as in the case of NMR spectroscopy or large as in the case of medical whole body imaging) in a strong magnetic field generated by a magnet. The strong magnetic field interacts on the atomic level with some nuclei (e.g. hydrogen 1H or the stable carbon isoptope 13C) and also any unpaired electron since these nuclei or the electron have also a magnetic moment. In a simple explanation one can envisage the nuclei or the unpaired electron to either align parallel or unparallel with the direction of the external magnetic field. There is a small difference in the order of a few ppm in the number of nuclear that align parallel and antiparallel with the magnetic field and this difference between these two groups gives rise to the signal used in MRI or NMR. If it would be possible to align all nuceli in the same orientation the signal would dramatically increase. However, the thermal energy in the sample usually prevents the perfect alignment but it has been shown that the nuclei can be aligned with the help of unpaired electrons. The process of aligning nuclei with the help of electrons is called DNP. The underlying physics is complex because all nuclei interact with each other as well as with the electron and the alignment process follows the rules of quantum mechanics. Interestingly, we have recently discovered that some of the dynamical aspects in a large system containing many interacting nuclei and an electron are identical to properties of other systems containing a large number of interacting particles such as for instance systems changing their state in a glass transition. In our project we will investigate the links between DNP and other non-equilibrium systems to find out whether such systems share more common properties which perhaps can be described by generalising rules. Furthermore, we propose to develop models that predict the dynamics of systems of many nuclei during DNP experiments. The goal here is to gain enough insight so that DNP experiments can be made more efficient by providing even a higher signal enhancement in a shorter time.

动态核极化(DNP)是一种技术，它可以增强信号，从而提高磁共振成像(MRI)和核磁共振(核磁共振)光谱的灵敏度。核磁共振是医学诊断的重要手段之一，核磁共振波谱被广泛应用于生物分子研究、结构研究和材料研究中，用于探测分子性质。这些技术的基本原理是检测由于将样品放置在由磁体产生的强磁场中而产生的弱样品磁化(如核磁共振光谱情况下的小样品或医学全身成像情况下的大样品)。强磁场在原子水平上与一些核(例如氢1H或稳定的碳同位素13C)以及任何未配对的电子相互作用，因为这些核或电子也有磁矩。在一个简单的解释中，人们可以设想原子核或未配对的电子与外部磁场的方向平行或不平行。与磁场平行和反向排列的核的数量在几个ppm的数量级上有很小的差异，这两组之间的差异导致了磁共振或核磁共振中使用的信号。如果有可能将所有的核以相同的方向对齐，信号将显着增加。然而，样品中的热能通常会阻止完美的排列，但已经证明，在未配对电子的帮助下，原子核可以排列。在电子的帮助下使原子核排列的过程称为DNP。潜在的物理是复杂的，因为所有的原子核都相互作用，也与电子相互作用，而且排列过程遵循量子力学的规则。有趣的是，我们最近发现，一个包含许多相互作用核和一个电子的大系统的某些动力学方面与其他包含大量相互作用粒子的系统的性质相同，例如在玻璃化转变中改变其状态的系统。在我们的项目中，我们将调查DNP和其他非平衡系统之间的联系，以找出这些系统是否有更多的共同属性，这些属性或许可以通过推广规则来描述。此外，我们建议开发模型来预测DNP实验中多核系统的动力学。这里的目标是获得足够的洞察力，以便通过在更短的时间内提供更高的信号增强来提高DNP实验的效率。