BRAINSTEM MECHANISMS OF ALERTING

脑干警报机制

• 批准号: 2245595
• 负责人: ADRIAN R MORRISON
• 金额: $ 21.49万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-08-01 至 1993-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2245595
• 关键词: BRAINSTEM; MECHANISMS; ALERTING

The objective of this project is to further understanding of the nature of paradoxical sleep (PS), also known as rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. PS is a curious state in which the brain's activity resembles in many respects that observed during the orientation reaction to stimuli during wakefulness (W) without, of course, interactions with the external world. Cats prepared with chronic recording electrodes will be used to study the properties of a waveform (PGO wave) recorded in the lateral geniculate body originally thought to be solely a spontaneous event in PS, but which we have shown to be evokable by acoustic stimuli in both slow wave sleep and PS. We have also found that a wave form in W assumes characteristics similar to those of PGO waves when a cat is alerted. In W the response to stimuli habituates, but preliminary evidence indicates that PGO waves may not. Lack of habituation at the brainstem level may be a feature of PS, with arousal into W prevented by some mechanism at a higher level of the nervous system. Because we can eliminate the usual paralysis of PS by means of pontine lesions and thereby observe elaborate behavior in that state, we may also have a behavioral measure of responses to stimuli in PS as well as W. At a superficial level PGO waves bear a resemblance to the acoustic startle reflex in their response to pharmacologic manipulation with serotonergic agents. The wealth of more sophisticated pharmacologic data obtained in studies of the startle reflex will be used to compare properties of PGO waves and startle in an effort to determine how each is related to the basic process of alerting of the nervous system. Traumatic stress disorder, occasioned by emotionally powerful experiences, provide an especially promising area for clinical application of basic research in sleep and alerting. Stress disorder, such as the so-called "war-neurosis" (post-traumatic stress syndrome), commonly includes both prominent sleep disturbances like nightmares and extreme ease of startle. These illnesses are often refractory to behavioral and pharmacological interventions. Our hope is that clarifying the behavioral and pharmacological properties of alerting as a "paradoxical" phenomenon of one phase of sleep will contribute to the rational treatment of these costly and very painful conditions.

本项目的目的是进一步了解 异相睡眠（paradoxical sleep，PS），又称快速眼（rapid eye） 快速眼动睡眠（REM） PS是一种奇怪的状态， 活动在许多方面类似于在 清醒时对刺激的定向反应（W）， 当然，与外部世界的互动。 猫准备 将使用慢性记录电极来研究这些特性 记录在外侧膝状体中的波形（PGO波） 最初认为这只是PS中的自发事件，但 我们已经证明，在两种情况下， 慢波睡眠和PS。 我们还发现， W假定的特征类似于PGO波时， 猫被警告。 在W中，对刺激的反应是习惯性的，但是 初步证据表明PGO波可能不是。 缺乏 脑干水平的习惯化可能是PS的一个特征， 唤醒到W被某种机制阻止在更高的水平， 神经系统 因为我们可以消除通常的麻痹 通过脑桥病变的PS，从而观察详细 在这种状态下的行为，我们也可以有一个行为测量， PS和W对刺激的反应。 在表面上 PGO波与听觉惊吓反射相似， 他们对使用肾上腺素能药物的反应 剂. 丰富的更复杂的药理学数据 在惊吓反射的研究中获得的结果将用于比较 PGO波的性质和惊吓，以确定 每一个都与神经系统的基本警觉过程有关， 系统 创伤性应激障碍，由情感上强大的 经验，为临床提供了一个特别有前途的领域， 基础研究在睡眠和警觉中的应用。 应力 疾病，如所谓的“战争神经症”（创伤后 压力综合征），通常包括突出的睡眠 噩梦般的不安和极度容易受惊 这些 这些疾病通常是行为和药理学难以治疗的， 干预措施。 我们的希望是，澄清行为和 作为一种“矛盾”的警觉的药理学特性 睡眠的一个阶段的现象将有助于理性 治疗这些昂贵而痛苦的疾病。