Perovskite Heterostructures by Vapour Deposition

目前，全球迫切需要减少二氧化碳排放，同时满足世界对廉价电力日益增长的需求。太阳能电池直接将太阳辐射转化为电能，提供了一种可持续、大规模发电的现实方法，其成本与污染更大的传统发电形式(煤炭、天然气、核能)相似，甚至更低。在过去的几年里，出现了一种基于金属卤化物钙钛矿半导体的新型太阳能电池。对于一种新的光伏材料，这些材料的电力转换效率以前所未有的速度提高，目前已超过20%。目前，世界范围内对这些材料的密集研究正在进行中；然而，几乎所有的研究都集中在溶液处理的钙钛矿上，而大多数高效太阳能电池是不适合大面积部署的小面积设备。在这个项目中，我们将在我们在气相沉积钙钛矿领域的早期领先地位的基础上，开发高效的大面积钙钛矿太阳能电池。与更常见的溶液处理方法相比，我们的蒸发技术在大面积上提供了卓越的薄膜均匀度，并且具有高度的重复性。利用气相沉积方法，我们将开发全钙钛矿型串联和多结太阳能电池，以进一步提高这些非凡器件的效率。我们利用最近资助的EPSRC“先进功能材料国家薄膜集群设施”，使我们在钙钛矿材料和器件技术方面的进步适应当前的工业薄膜生产方法。

There is currently a pressing global need to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, and at the same time satisfy the world's growing desire for cheap electricity. Solar cells, which directly convert the Sun's radiation into electricity, offer a realistic method of generating electricity sustainably, on a large scale and at costs similar to and even lower than more polluting conventional forms of power generation (coal, gas, nuclear). Over the past few years a new class of solar cells based on metal-halide perovskite semiconductors has emerged. Power conversion efficiencies for these materials have increased at an unprecedented rate for a new photovoltaics material and now exceed 20%. An intense worldwide research effort into these materials is now underway; however nearly all research is focussed on solution processed perovskites, and most highly efficient solar cells are small area devices not suited to large area deployment. In this project we will build on our early lead in the area of vapour deposited perovskites to develop highly efficient large area perovskite solar cells. Our evaporation technique offers superior film uniformity over large areas and is highly reproducible as compared with more common solution processing methods. Using the vapour deposition route we will develop all-perovskite tandem and multi-junction solar cells to further improve the efficiency for these remarkable devices. We utilise the recently funded EPSRC "National thin-film cluster facility for advanced functional materials" to adapt our advances in perovskite materials and device technologies to current industrial thin-film production methods.