GI AND CARDIAC ADAPTATION TO SEMI-STARVATION AND REFEEDING

肥胖被认为是美国最普遍的营养问题， “作为一个潜在的杀手。“根据压倒性的证据， 被描述为一种疾病，有显着的不利影响， 发病率和死亡率。 大约有3400万美国成年人 被认为肥胖。 严格的热量限制是非常危险的， 然而，与半饥饿（SS）相关的潜在严重风险 还没有以系统的、受控的方式对饮食进行研究。 具体 与快速、大量体重相关的心脏并发症的发病机制 损失没有得到令人满意的解释。 SS的快速逆转， 再喂养（RF）经常导致心脏畸变， 明白 SS和RF对肠道的影响几乎 完全被忽略了，尽管这个器官系统创造了 膳食营养素与随后的代谢和利用之间的关系。 的 本提案的总体目标是确定心脏和肠道反应 营养最佳的液体蛋白质饮食与营养最佳的 但低热量SS液体蛋白质饮食，随后在饮食中RF 肥胖大鼠模型。 氮素经济性取决于氮素的系列平衡， 并通过测定心脏和心肌的蛋白质、RNA、DNA浓度 Q.I.器官（胰腺、肝脏、小肠）组织。 比较研究 将由选定的胰腺酶活性（淀粉酶，胰凝乳蛋白酶， 胰蛋白酶）;肠酶（麦芽糖酶、蔗糖酶、乳糖酶）;肝脂质 心脏Ca、K、P、Zn、Cu和Mg浓度。 组织学 将评估肝脏，胰腺， 肠和心脏组织。 心脏功能将由 在体直接记录心电图，进行计算机分析。 在动物亚组中，通过以下方法详细分析心脏超微结构： 电子显微镜将进行研究，和吸收功能的 十二指肠和回肠将使用闭合肠袢进行评估 灌注系统

Obesity has been cited as America's most prevalent nutrition problem and "as a potential killer." In light of overwhelming evidence, obesity has been described as a disease that has significant adverse effects on morbidity and mortality. Approximately 34 million American adults are considered obese. Drastic caloric restriction can be extremely hazardous, however, potentially serious risks associated with semi-starvation (SS) diets have not been studied in a systematic, controlled manner. Specific pathogenesis of cardiac complications associated with rapid, massive weight loss have not been satisfactorily explained. The rapid reversal of SS by refeeding (RF) frequently leads to cardiac aberrations that are not fully understood. The effects of SS and RF on the gut have been almost completely ignored, even though this organ system creates the interface between dietary nutrients and subsequent metabolism and utilization. The overall goal of this proposal is to determine the cardiac and gut response to nutritionally optimal liquid protein diet versus a nutritionally optimal but low-calorie SS liquid protein diet, and subsequent RF in a dietary obese rat model. Nitrogen economy will be determine by serial N balance, and by determination of protein, RNA, DNA concentrations of cardiac and q.i. organ (pancreas, liver, small intestine) tissues. Comparative studies will be made of selected pancreatic enzyme activity (amylase, chymotrypsin, trypsin); intestinal enzymes (maltase, sucrase, lactase); liver lipid concentration; cardiac Ca, K, P, Zn, Cu and Mg concentrations. Histology will assess the morphological characteristics of the liver, pancreas, intestine and cardiac tissue. Cardiac function will be monitored by in vivo direct recording of electrocardiogram subjected to computer analysis. In subset of animals, detailed analysis of cardiac ultrastructure by electron microscopy will be studied, and absorptive function of the duodenum and ileum will be assessed using a closed intestinal loop perfusion system.