GI AND CARDIAC ADAPTATION TO SEMI-STARVATION AND REFEEDING

肥胖被认为是美国最普遍的营养问题， “作为一个潜在的杀手。”根据压倒性的证据，肥胖已经 被描述为一种对 发病率和死亡率。大约3400万美国成年人 被认为是肥胖。严格的卡路里限制可能是极其危险的， 然而，与半饥饿(SS)相关的潜在严重风险 饮食还没有以系统、可控的方式进行研究。特定的 与快速、巨大体重相关的心脏并发症的发病机制 损失没有得到令人满意的解释。SS的快速逆转 再喂食(RF)经常会导致心脏不完全畸形 明白了。SS和RF对肠道的影响几乎是 完全被忽视，即使这个器官系统创造了界面 饮食营养与随后的新陈代谢和利用之间的关系。这个 这项建议的总体目标是确定心脏和肠道的反应 营养最佳的液态蛋白质饮食与营养最佳的 但低卡路里SS液体蛋白饮食，以及随后的RF饮食 肥胖大鼠模型。氮素经济性将由系列氮素平衡决定， 并通过测定心脏和心脏组织的蛋白质、RNA、DNA浓度 Q.I。器官(胰腺、肝脏、小肠)组织。比较研究 将由选定的胰酶活性(淀粉酶、胰凝乳杆菌酶、 胰酶)；肠道酶(麦芽糖酶、蔗糖酶、乳糖酶)；肝脂 心肌钙、钾、磷、锌、铜、镁浓度。组织学 将评估肝脏、胰腺的形态特征 肠道和心脏组织。心功能将由IN监测 活体直接记录心电图，接受计算机分析。 在动物亚组中，通过详细分析心脏超微结构 将对电子显微镜进行研究，并对其吸收功能 将使用闭合肠环评估十二指肠和回肠 灌流系统。

Obesity has been cited as America's most prevalent nutrition problem and "as a potential killer." In light of overwhelming evidence, obesity has been described as a disease that has significant adverse effects on morbidity and mortality. Approximately 34 million American adults are considered obese. Drastic caloric restriction can be extremely hazardous, however, potentially serious risks associated with semi-starvation (SS) diets have not been studied in a systematic, controlled manner. Specific pathogenesis of cardiac complications associated with rapid, massive weight loss have not been satisfactorily explained. The rapid reversal of SS by refeeding (RF) frequently leads to cardiac aberrations that are not fully understood. The effects of SS and RF on the gut have been almost completely ignored, even though this organ system creates the interface between dietary nutrients and subsequent metabolism and utilization. The overall goal of this proposal is to determine the cardiac and gut response to nutritionally optimal liquid protein diet versus a nutritionally optimal but low-calorie SS liquid protein diet, and subsequent RF in a dietary obese rat model. Nitrogen economy will be determine by serial N balance, and by determination of protein, RNA, DNA concentrations of cardiac and q.i. organ (pancreas, liver, small intestine) tissues. Comparative studies will be made of selected pancreatic enzyme activity (amylase, chymotrypsin, trypsin); intestinal enzymes (maltase, sucrase, lactase); liver lipid concentration; cardiac Ca, K, P, Zn, Cu and Mg concentrations. Histology will assess the morphological characteristics of the liver, pancreas, intestine and cardiac tissue. Cardiac function will be monitored by in vivo direct recording of electrocardiogram subjected to computer analysis. In subset of animals, detailed analysis of cardiac ultrastructure by electron microscopy will be studied, and absorptive function of the duodenum and ileum will be assessed using a closed intestinal loop perfusion system.