Fault tolerant control for increased safety and security of nuclear power plants

容错控制可提高核电站的安全性

• 批准号: EP/R022062/1
• 负责人: Victor Becerra
• 金额: $ 37.31万
• 依托单位: University of Portsmouth
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FR022062%2F1
• 关键词: Fault; tolerant; control; increased; safety

In safety-critical systems, such as nuclear power plants, the demand for reliability, safety and fault tolerance is high. Faults compromise plant safety, cause inefficiencies in the operation of industrial processes and reduce component life. In such safety-critical systems, it is useful to design control systems which are capable of tolerating potential faults to improve the reliability and availability while providing a desirable performance. A control system which can automatically tolerate component malfunctions, while maintaining desirable performance and stability properties is said to be a fault-tolerant control systemFault tolerant control approaches allow control systems to operate under fault conditions with minimal degradation of performance and stability, preventing localised, random, or intentional faults from developing into catastrophic system failures leading to accidents that may have severe consequences to human life, equipment, infrastructure, or the environment. Fault tolerance helps to reduce the damaging effects that faults can have while remedial action is taken to repair or eliminate the fault.The proposed work will develop a hierarchical fault-tolerant control scheme for PWR nuclear power plants which will be defined over three levels: execution, coordination and management levels. The execution level, which includes the reactor, steam generator and turbine, implements the control actions generated by the higher levels through actuators, senses relevant plant variables, and passes this information to the higher levels. The middle level acts as a coordinator between the plant manager level and the execution level. To maximise its capabilities, the coordination level will include a bank of four different controllers that will be designed to tolerate faults of different severity, and there will be a mechanism to select the most appropriate controller given the circumstances of the plant as required by the management level. The coordination level also contains a diagnostic and prognostic system, which will the plant data and knowledge about the useful life of components to detect and characterise sensor related and other plant faults. The top level manages plant performance monitoring, plant condition evaluation, and passes commands to the coordination level. In addition, the management level transmits operational data to and receives instructions from a central command, control, and communication system which interfaces with human operators. The project will also involve the development of a nuclear plant simulator which will be used to test in real-time the hierarchical fault tolerant control scheme to be developed and implemented, to generate data about the behaviour of the plant under normal and fault conditions, and to generate simplified models of the plant, or parts of the plant, to be used for the purposes of controller design. The real-time tests will permit to assess the developments in a computational environment that is close to what would be encountered on a real plant, hence ensuring that the control methods to be developed are as realistic as possible. The work will be carried out in collaboration with Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, an Indian research institution that specialises in nuclear energy, and will benefit from the involvement of STS Nuclear, a UK organisation that specialises in nuclear safety management and training.

在核电站等安全关键系统中，对可靠性、安全性和容错性的要求很高。故障会危及工厂安全，导致工业过程运行效率低下，并缩短部件寿命。在这种安全关键系统中，设计能够容忍潜在故障的控制系统以提高可靠性和可用性，同时提供期望的性能是有用的。容错控制方法允许控制系统在故障条件下以最小的性能和稳定性降级操作，防止局部的、随机的、非线性的故障，或故意故障发展成灾难性的系统故障，导致可能对人类生命、设备、基础设施或环境造成严重后果的事故。容错有助于减少破坏性的影响，故障可以采取补救措施，以修复或消除fault.The建议的工作将开发一个层次的容错控制计划的压水堆核电厂将被定义为三个层次：执行，协调和管理水平。包括反应堆、蒸汽发生器和涡轮机的执行级通过执行器执行由更高级别产生的控制动作，感测相关的工厂变量，并将此信息传递到更高级别。中间层充当工厂经理层和执行层之间的协调者。为了最大限度地提高其能力，协调层将包括一组四种不同的控制器，这些控制器将被设计为容忍不同严重程度的故障，并且将有一种机制来根据管理层的要求选择最合适的控制器。协调层还包含一个诊断和预测系统，该系统将电厂数据和有关组件使用寿命的知识用于检测和排除传感器相关故障和其他电厂故障。最高层管理工厂性能监控、工厂状况评估，并将命令传递到协调层。此外，管理层将操作数据发送到与操作人员接口的中央命令、控制和通信系统，并从该系统接收指令。该项目还将涉及开发一个核电厂模拟器，用于实时测试拟开发和实施的分级容错控制方案，生成关于正常和故障条件下核电厂行为的数据，并生成核电厂或核电厂部分的简化模型，用于控制器设计。实时测试将允许评估接近于在真实的工厂上遇到的计算环境中的发展，从而确保要开发的控制方法尽可能真实。这项工作将与印度专门研究核能的研究机构Bhabha原子研究中心合作进行，并将受益于英国专门从事核安全管理和培训的STS核组织的参与。

项目成果

Dynamic Neural Network-based System Identification of a Pressurized Water Reactor

基于动态神经网络的压水堆系统辨识

• DOI: 10.1109/iccma51325.2020.9301483
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Naimi A

Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Using Feedback Linearization for a Pressurized Water Nuclear Power Plant

• DOI: 10.1109/access.2022.3149790
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: IEEE Access
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Amine Naimi;Jiamei Deng;Vineet Vajpayee;V. Becerra;S. Shimjith;A. Arul

Fractional Order Integral Sliding Mode Control for PWR Nuclear Power Plant

压水堆核电站分数阶积分滑模控制

• DOI: 10.23919/ecc55457.2022.9838330
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Surjagade P

ANN Based Sensor and Actuator Fault Detection in Nuclear Reactors

核反应堆中基于神经网络的传感器和执行器故障检测

• DOI: 10.1109/iccma51325.2020.9301579
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Banerjee S

Dynamic Neural Network-based Feedback Linearization Control of a Pressurized Water Reactor

基于动态神经网络的压水堆反馈线性化控制

• DOI: 10.1109/dese51703.2020.9450737
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Naimi A