Participatory Design and Open Data Platforms for a Data Commons in Scotland: case study - waste management

我们怎样才能设计出一种技术，使其不仅仅是让数据公开访问，而是将数据开放给有效的、创新的、具有潜在变革性的公众使用？人们普遍认为，数字数据和通信技术的可用性可以促进经济和社会福祉，以及商业创新和生产力。事实上，自2013年八国集团开放数据宪章以来，这一直是开放数据政策的一个关键期望。遵循国际开放知识组织，开放数据的公认定义确保了质量，并鼓励不同开放材料池之间的兼容性。它是任何人都可以访问、使用和分享的数据：“如果任何人都可以自由访问、使用、修改和分享知识，那么知识就是开放的——最多要遵守保护来源和开放性的措施。”公民赋权是一项原则，其驱动因素是人们期望新技术能促进政府作出更积极的反应——信息的获取和使用能促进经济增长以及创造性和社会成就。英国的研究具有前瞻性，认为开放数据是连接社区、赋予公民权力和创造繁荣的公共资源。希望“以安全、智能、可靠、可信和高效的方式将人、物和数据连接在一起的变革性技术”的发展将有助于为互联国家培育数据经济。尽管有一些优秀实践的例子，但苏格兰的开放数据平台通常以孤立的、筒仓式的设计和实施方法为特征。通过最初的范围界定研究，项目团队已经确定了由此导致的三个主要问题：脱节；单级使用设计，且不一致。以废物管理的日常社会问题为案例研究，“苏格兰数据共享”将建立一个可适应的、可学习的开放数据平台的原型，该平台具有多个二级应用程序，并对开放数据基础设施具有直接的英国范围的影响，以解决这些问题。在汇集人机交互（HCI）、数字学习和数据伦理领域的研究专长的过程中，我们将开发出生产可学习的开放数据平台所需的参与式设计方法，并以有意设计的经济、社会和伦理价值观为基础。我们的目标是：1。为废物管理信息和社区参与设计一个开源、多层次的开放数据平台。2. 2 .开发参与式设计的学习方法，在平台中嵌入推荐系统，支持用户数据素养。开发学习平台的（共同）设计方法。这些目标涉及至少两个数字经济优先主题：信任、身份、隐私和安全。该项目将在八国集团开放数据宪章（2013年）和苏格兰开放数据战略（2015年）中规定的政策指导方针内运作，并将完全符合ICO对GDPR的指导。该项目将以EPSRC的一些创新研究目标为基本原则。其中，该项目将提供一个开放数据原型平台，该平台将有助于对人类与开放数据交互的基本理解，进而有助于开发一个安全、协作、具有社会意识的开放数据基础设施。内容创造和消费。该项目将建立一个原型，以便为社会、文化或商业目的共同创造和交换内容。我们将通过共同设计研究和技术标准化，明确开发一个管理和分发废物管理开放数据的平台。我们相信，这种包容性技术将支持许多领域（如循环经济或开放能源）的行为改变，通过数据素养培养协作、可持续的环境意识。

How can we design technologies that go beyond simply making data publicly accessible, and instead open up data to effective, innovative and potentially transformative public use? There is a broad consensus that the availability of digital data and communication technologies can foster economic and social well-being, as well as business innovation and productivity. Indeed, this has been a key expectation of Open Data policies since the G8 Open Data Charter of 2013. Following Open Knowledge International, the recognised definition of Open Data ensures quality and encourages compatibility between different pools of open material. It is data that anyone can access, use and share: "Knowledge is open if anyone is free to access, use, modify, and share it - subject, at most, to measures that preserve provenance and openness". Citizen empowerment is a principle driven by expectations that new technologies facilitate more responsive governments - access to, and use of, information engenders economic growth as well as creative and social fulfilment.Research in the UK is forward-looking in terms of thinking about Open Data as a public resource for connecting communities and empowering citizens, and creating prosperity. It is hoped that the development of "transformational technologies which connect people, things and data together, in safe, smart, secure, trustworthy, and productive ways" will help foster a data economy for a Connected Nation. Although there are a few examples of excellent practice, Open Data platforms in Scotland are often characterised by an isolated, silo approach to design and implementation. Through initial scoping research, the project team has identified three major problems resulting from this: disjointedness; single-level use design, and inconsistency. Using the everyday social issue of waste management as a case study, "Data Commons Scotland" will prototype an adaptive, learnable Open Data platform with multiple secondary applications and immediate UK-wide implications for Open Data infrastructure, to tackle these problems. In bringing together research expertise in the fields of Human Computer Interaction (HCI), digital learning and data ethics, we will develop participatory design methodologies needed to produce learnable Open Data platforms, underpinned by intentionally designed economic, social and ethical values.Our objectives are to:1. Design and prototype an Open Source, multi-level Open Data platform for waste management information and community engagement. 2. Develop a learning methodology for participatory design, embedding a recommender system in the platform to support user data literacy.3. Develop a (co-)design methodology for learning platforms.These objectives address issues relating to at least two Digital Economy Priority Themes: Trust, identity, privacy and security. The project will operate within policy guidelines as set out in the G8 Open Data Charter (2013), the Open Data Strategy for Scotland (2015) and will be fully compliant with ICO guidance on GDPR. This project will take as its baseline principles, a number of the EPSRC's ambitions for innovative research. Amongst these, the project will deliver an Open Data prototype platform that will contribute essential understanding of human interaction with Open Data, in turn contributing to the development of a secure, collaborative, socially-aware Open Data infrastructure. Content creation and consumption. This project will build a prototype to enable the co-creation and exchange of content for social, cultural or business purposes We will explicitly develop, through co-design research and technical standardisation, a platform for curation and distribution of Open Data on waste management. We believe that such inclusive technology will support behaviour change in a number of fields (such as circular economy or Open Energy), fostering collaborative, sustainable environmental awareness through data literacy.