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Reactors and Reproducibility: Advancing Electrochemistry for Organic Synthesis

反应器和再现性：推进有机合成电化学

基本信息

批准号：
EP/T001631/1
负责人：
Alastair Lennox
金额：
$ 47.49万
依托单位：
University of Bristol
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FT001631%2F1
关键词：
Reactors Reproducibility Advancing Electrochemistry Organic

项目摘要

Organic synthesis allows humans to develop molecules that treat disease, efficiently grow crops, power our homes with innovative fuels and lubricants, and develop materials and plastics that are essential for modern life. Redox reactions are an important class of organic transformation where electrons are added or removed from molecules to engender a chemical reaction. This reaction is typically driven by the addition of a reactive redox reagent, which creates large quantities of waste that are often toxic and expensive to dispose of. Electrochemistry is an enabling technology for organic synthesis, as it replaces these reagents by directly transferring electrons at the surface of electrodes submerged in the reaction solution. There are two main advantages to this technique. The first is that lower amounts of waste, or no waste at all, is produced and less energy is needed, providing a more efficient and environmentally sustainable way to conduct redox reactions. The second is that the applied potential, or driving force, can be readily tuned, which provides greater selectivity, new reactivity, higher functional group tolerance and less undesired side-products. While providing efficiency, selectivity and environmental benefits, there are practical challenges associated with electrochemical reactions when compared to standard synthetic organic reactions. The greatest challenge with using the technique is often associated with the set-ups, which can be complex, expensive, are not well suited for parallelisation/reaction development and often lead to poor reproducibility. Thus, there is an urgent need to tackle these problems in order to advance the field. In this project, we will develop new reactor systems to aid each stage of reaction development, namely; discovery, optimisation, dissemination and replication. We will focus on additive manufacturing (3D printing) as an inexpensive, rapid and flexible prototyping tool to generate systems that are accessible, inexpensive and, importantly, highly reproducible for organic synthesis. We will develop new materials, innovative designs, print procedures and optimisation tools for reactors, which will be used in the development of a number of synthetic transformations, for which we have preliminary data, but require new reactor-systems to advance further. We will also conduct fundamental studies to further understand the reproducibility issues that currently plague the use of electrochemistry in synthesis. Specifically, the high-level objectives are to a) invent a screening system for organic electrochemistry, b) solve the reproducibility problem, c) create Super-Cells: the next generation of reactors of organic electrochemistry. This 3D printed approach to organic electrochemistry will increase the speed and ease with which novel organic transformations are developed and reproduced, ensuring electrochemistry can deliver on its potential of highly efficient and sustainable chemical reactions. This project will facilitate wide-spread adoption of the technique in organic synthesis, and deliver fundamental understanding, environmental and economic benefits to industry, academia and society as a whole.

有机合成使人类能够开发出治疗疾病的分子，高效地种植农作物，为我们的家庭提供创新的燃料和润滑剂，并开发现代生活必不可少的材料和塑料。氧化还原反应是一类重要的有机转化反应，电子从分子中添加或移除以产生化学反应。这种反应通常是由添加活性氧化还原试剂推动的，这会产生大量废物，这些废物往往是有毒的，处置起来也很昂贵。电化学是一种使有机合成成为可能的技术，因为它通过直接在浸没在反应溶液中的电极表面转移电子来取代这些试剂。这项技术有两个主要优势。首先，产生的废物数量更少，或者根本不产生废物，所需的能源也更少，为进行氧化还原反应提供了一种更高效、更可持续的方式。第二，施加的电势或驱动力可以很容易地调节，这提供了更高的选择性、新的反应性、更高的官能团容忍度和更少的不良副产物。在提供效率、选择性和环境效益的同时，与标准的合成有机反应相比，与电化学反应相关的实际挑战。使用该技术的最大挑战往往与设置有关，该设置可能复杂、昂贵，不太适合并行化/反应开发，并且往往导致较差的重复性。因此，迫切需要解决这些问题，以推动这一领域的发展。在这个项目中，我们将开发新的反应堆系统，以帮助反应发展的每个阶段，即发现、优化、传播和复制。我们将把重点放在添加制造(3D打印)上，作为一种廉价、快速和灵活的原型工具，以生成可访问、廉价并且重要的是高度可重复性的系统，用于有机合成。我们将为反应堆开发新材料、创新设计、印刷程序和优化工具，这些将用于开发一些合成改造，我们有初步数据，但需要新的反应堆系统才能进一步发展。我们还将进行基础研究，以进一步了解目前困扰电化学在合成中使用的重现性问题。具体地说，高级目标是a)发明有机电化学的筛选系统，b)解决重复性问题，c)创造超级细胞：下一代有机电化学反应器。这种3D打印的有机电化学方法将提高开发和复制新的有机转化的速度和难度，确保电化学能够发挥其高效和可持续的化学反应的潜力。该项目将促进该技术在有机合成中的广泛采用，并为工业界、学术界和整个社会带来基本的理解、环境和经济效益。