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Impact on Renewable Energy Sources on Harmonic Levels in the Future UK Power Grid: Modelling, Assessment and Mitigating Solutions

可再生能源对未来英国电网谐波水平的影响：建模、评估和缓解解决方案

基本信息

批准号：
EP/T013206/1
负责人：
Grazia Todeschini
金额：
$ 31.08万
依托单位：
Swansea University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FT013206%2F1
关键词：
Impact Renewable Energy Sources Harmonic

项目摘要

The UK is committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by at least 80% by 2050, relative to 1990 levels. Meeting this target will require a significant shift in the way energy is used (for example, through electrification of heat and transport) and generated. To reduce our dependency on fossil fuels, significant levels of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) will need to be integrated into the power grid. RESs include energy sources that do not rely on fossil fuels and nuclear energy, such as solar, wind, tidal and wave. Some sources of renewable energy have been successfully incorporated (for example, pumped-hydro), and they are generally not classified as 'RESs' as this term refers to devices that are connected to the grid by means of power converters. While the benefits of RESs are undisputable and their installation should be facilitated, the integration of large amounts of these devices requires the development of new paradigms and methods to maintain a reliable and safe power system. RESs have certain characteristics that differentiate them from traditional sources: they are less controllable than traditional energy sources, they cause unintended power flow patterns, and they impact voltage and current waveforms and the overall power quality of electricity. This proposal will focus on the study of harmonic propagation in the UK power grid due to RESs. Harmonics are current and voltage components at frequencies multiple of the fundamental, and they are generated by the operation of the power converters. While low harmonic levels are tolerated and do not impact grid operation, increasing harmonic levels have detrimental effects including: increased losses, reduced efficiency, misoperation and reduced lifetime of equipment, and nuisance protection tripping. While the costs of harmonics are not easy to determine because of their long-term effect, it has become accepted by the power grid operators and users that increasing harmonic levels are detrimental for efficient grid operation. More importantly, they may compromise the future integration of RESs. This proposal aims at assessing the harmonic impact of RESs in the future power grid. Carrying out this assessment requires the development of accurate models of both RESs and of the power system. At the same time, these models requires some form of simplification because of the number of components involved. Previous research has focused on either detailed power converter models, or the use of a large power system model with simplified converter representation. This NIA aims at combining both aspects in a model which is able to represent correctly harmonic generation from RESs, the transfer of harmonics between voltage levels, and the representation of statistical variations of harmonic levels in the system, for varying levels of penetration of RESs. This research will involve close collaboration with two industrial partners, National Grid and Measurable Ltd, and with the University of Texas at Austin. The impact of this research will be widespread: the models developed will help the academic community in understanding the best approaches to study harmonic behaviour of large energy systems. This work will assist the system operator in assessing the impact of new RESs on the power system. Furthermore, this research will inform the future developments of power quality standards and of harmonic mitigating solutions. The ultimate goal of this project is to minimise the occurrence of harmonic problems in the future power grid, allowing for a smooth and clean integration of increasing amounts of RESs, not only in the UK, but on a global scale. Furthermore, it will benefit the UK as a whole in terms of maintaining the operations and efficiency of this ubiquitous infrastructure, whilst helping the government to meet targets for reducing CO2 emissions.

英国承诺到2050年将温室气体排放量在1990年的基础上至少减少80%。要实现这一目标，将需要对能源的使用方式(例如，通过供热和运输的电气化)和发电方式进行重大转变。为了减少我们对化石燃料的依赖，需要将大量的可再生能源(RESS)整合到电网中。RESS包括不依赖化石燃料和核能的能源，如太阳能、风能、潮汐和波浪。一些可再生能源已经成功并入(例如，抽水发电)，它们通常不被归类为“RESS”，因为这个术语指的是通过电力转换器连接到电网的设备。虽然RESS的好处是毋庸置疑的，应该促进它们的安装，但大量这些设备的集成需要开发新的范例和方法来维护可靠和安全的电力系统。RESS具有与传统能源不同的某些特征：它们比传统能源更难控制，它们会导致意外的潮流模式，它们会影响电压和电流波形以及电力的整体电能质量。该提案将重点研究由于RESS引起的英国电网中的谐波传播。谐波是频率为基波倍数的电流和电压分量，它们是由功率变流器运行产生的。虽然可以容忍低谐波水平，并且不会影响电网运行，但不断增加的谐波水平会产生不利影响，包括：增加损耗、降低效率、误操作和缩短设备的使用寿命，以及公害保护跳闸。虽然由于谐波的长期影响，其成本并不容易确定，但电网运营商和用户已经认识到，增加谐波水平不利于电网的有效运行。更重要的是，它们可能会损害RESS未来的整合。该方案旨在评估RESS对未来电网的谐波影响。进行这项评估需要开发准确的RESS和电力系统模型。同时，由于涉及的组件数量较多，这些模型需要进行某种形式的简化。以前的研究要么集中在详细的功率变换模型上，要么使用简化的功率变换表示的大型电力系统模型。这种NIA旨在将这两个方面结合在一个模型中，该模型能够正确地表示RESS产生的谐波、电压水平之间的谐波转移以及系统中不同渗透级别的谐波水平的统计变化的表示。这项研究将涉及与两个行业合作伙伴--国家电网和可测量有限公司以及德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的密切合作。这项研究的影响将是广泛的：开发的模型将帮助学术界理解研究大型能源系统谐波行为的最佳方法。这项工作将帮助系统操作员评估新RESS对电力系统的影响。此外，这项研究将为未来电能质量标准和谐波治理解决方案的发展提供参考。该项目的最终目标是最大限度地减少未来电网中的谐波问题的发生，不仅在英国，而且在全球范围内，允许平稳、干净地整合越来越多的RESS。此外，这将使英国作为一个整体受益于维持这一无处不在的基础设施的运营和效率，同时帮助政府实现减少二氧化碳排放的目标。