Developing Community-Led Solutions to Antimicrobial Resistance: Building a One Health Approach in Low and Middle Income Countries

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The One Health CE-AMR Challenge Cluster is an ambitious 12 month project, which brings together experts in the fields of Social Anthropology, Community Engagement, Health Economics, Participatory Arts for Development, Policy Development, Participatory Design for Global Health, Public-Health Epidemiology, Health Communications, Experimental Parasitology, Veterinary Science, Environmental Science and Zoology. Our aim is to investigate the potential of community engagement (CE) to address the global threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) particularly within the context of low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). AMR is a major challenge, particularly acute in LMICs, including in our focal countries (Nepal, India, Vietnam, Bangladesh and Ghana) due to a combination of factors, including growing populations, limited health infrastructure and the accessibility of antimicrobials without medical advice or prescription. We are especially interested in developing One Health approaches, which understand the need to address AMR holistically through an exploration of human and animal health, agriculture and the environment. The Cluster will synthesise learning from within six constituent projects. We will explore best practice within these projects by addressing key research questions collaboratively across the project teams and with wider stakeholders within each country. Our learning will be synthesised into a handbook that will include: (a) guidance on unpacking the drivers that underpin the demand side of antimicrobial usage within specific communities in the Global South; (b) a methodological process for identifying relevant community stakeholders, as well as guidance on considering complexities around gender and intersectionality; (c) a set of behavioural objectives (specific practices that individuals and communities implement that will impact on AMR) that span the One Health spectrum, with specific attention to public health, animal production, and the WASH sector; (d) best practices around embedding CE into existing health, veterinary, agricultural, WASH and other systems; and (e) methodological process for identifying and influencing national and international stakeholders.We will engage extensively with non-academic stakeholders who represent sectors important to addressing AMR from a One Health perspective in the national context. They will include representatives from the health, agriculture (including livestock and fisheries), and environment sectors, as well as local and national policymakers and development partners. Through two workshops per country, we will collaborate in the development of global-south led research projects that are informed by the particular social and political contexts at play in each setting - we will emphasise the importance of developing CE approaches that can work well within existing national systems and that, therefore, will be sustainable and appropriate to deliver at scale. We anticipate the emergence of new national networks that focus on addressing AMR from a One Health perspective through community engagement. In some settings that we are working in (e.g. Bangladesh and Nepal), such networks are already developing and we anticipate that they will be strengthened through this focussed collaboration. In other settings, these networks will be new and potentially influential players in contributing to national planning to address AMR.The overall ambition of this project is to contribute to decreasing the demand for antimicrobials and ensuring good usage of necessary antimicrobials in low and middle income countries. Whilst this project alone cannot solve these issues, by bringing together the expertise of multiple researchers and stakeholder networks, we hope to move towards this ambition. Throughout the project, we will liaise with policy makers, development partners and academics to highlight the potential of CE to address AMR.