AGE EFFECTS ON AUTOMATIC AND EFFORTFUL INFORMATION PROCESSING

这项工作的目的是检查老化对发展的影响 以及自动和努力的信息/注意力的制定 认知过程 这一目的是通过控制 实验室研究 自动化发展研究 进行了语义类别代表的视觉检测 7名年轻受试者、7名中年受试者和5名老年受试者。 任务是视觉化的 首先记忆一到三个语义类别， 在一系列两个词的视觉显示中搜索。 自动检测 被定义为当检测时间相等时发生 而不管记忆的类别的数量。 所有受试者接受 4200次训练试验的结果是，所有的年轻人和中年人 受试者发展自动检测，64 ~ 69岁表现为“部分” 自动化检测，3名71至88岁的受试者未显示 任何对记忆类别的自动化检测。 71-88奥尔兹 接受了额外的2100次训练试验，仍然没有显示出任何 自动化的证据。 现在仍然要解释的是视觉自动化过程的丧失， 检测70岁以上的人。 为此，增加了三个 将进行实验。 第一个将为70岁以上的奥尔兹提供 一个非常简单的视觉搜索任务，包括搜索数字 和一个字母或两个字母。 预计在 检测的自动化将在这里发生，因此证明70+ 一岁的奥尔兹就可以做到这一点。第二项研究将调查不同的 培训方法。 第三项研究将调查 以前学过的自动处理，算术加法和 乘法，一直保留。 本项目的意义在于描述和解释成熟的 自动视觉检测的发展变化， 在我们的日常生活中很重要。

This work's purpose is to examine aging's influence upon the development and enactment of automatic and effortful informational/attentional cognitive processes. This purpose is accomplished through controlled laboratory studies. A study investigating the development of automatic visual detection of representatives of semantic categories was carried out on 7 young, 7 middled-aged, and 5 elderly subjects. The task was visual search in which one to three sematic categories were firse memorized and searched for in a series of two word visual displays. Automatic detection was defined as having occurred when the time for detection was equal regardless of the number of categories memorized. All subjects underwent 4200 training trials with the result that all young and middle-aged subjects developed automatic detection, 64 to 69 years old showed "partial" automatized ditection, and the three subjects 71 to 88 years did not show any automatized detection of memorized categories. The 71-88 years olds received an additional 2100 training trials and still did not show any evidence of automatization. It now remains to explain the loss of the automatization process in visual detection in 70+ year old individuals. To this end three additional experiments will be carried out. The first will present 70+ year olds with a very simple visual search task which will involve a search for numbers and an alphabetic letter or two letters. It is expected that automatization of detection will occur here and hence demonstrate that 70+ year olds can achieve it. The second study will investigate different methods of training. The third study will investigate the extent to which previously learned automatic processes, arithmetic addition and multiplication, have been retained. This project's significance lies in describing and explaining maturational changes in the development of automatic visual detection which is so important in our daily lives.