GigaWatt-Hour Subsurface Thermal Energy storAge: Engineered structures and legacy Mine shafts: STEaM

千兆瓦时地下热能储存：工程结构和传统矿井：STEaM

• 批准号: EP/W027763/1
• 负责人: Zoe Shipton
• 金额: $ 124.65万
• 依托单位: University of Strathclyde
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FW027763%2F1
• 关键词: GigaWatt; Hour; Subsurface; Thermal; Energy

The last deep coal mine in the UK closed in 2015. The Coal Authority has a record of 177,000 known mine entries. This proposal examines the potential to use abandoned mine shafts for interseasonal storage of curtailed wind energy in the form of thermal energy. In 2020, wind curtailment payments in the UK were £282M: enough to power 1.25 million homes and equivalent to £4 per MWh of energy generated. There is 120GW of 'spare' electricity in East Ayrshire alone. Thermal stores have been studied previously but are limited by size and the need to insulate. Flooded mine shafts are ubiquitous across much of the UK, yet the thermal storage opportunity within shafts has never been explored. The rock mass around the shafts are insulators and pilot work by our consortium has shown that as the rocks heat up the efficiency of the heat extraction rises considerably in as little as three years. We will investigate the feasibility of using the spare electricity on windy days to heat up water in abandoned mine shafts, to be extracted on cold days by heat pumps into homes and businesses. The UK is peppered with mine shafts from the days of coal mining - we want to turn these holes in the ground into thermal stores to help balance the electrical grid and to decarbonise homes and businesses. Mine shafts were lined with concrete or brick (sometimes unlined). To safely and efficiently utilise this legacy subsurface infrastructure we need to understand the effect of heating up the water in the mine shafts on: the water body in the shaft, which may be naturally stratified and will contain minerals that could cause contamination or scaling; on the lining material, which is likely to have degraded in the decades since mine closure; on the surrounding rocks and the water they contain (in pores and fractures). We will develop sophisticated coupled thermal-hydraulic-chemical-mechanical (THCM) modelling informed by case studies we develop from an assay of the UK's shafts, as well as data collected from a test site. We will also take a whole-systems approach to looking at how such an energy store could sit within the wider energy system, taking into account the economics of such a project, and any carbon emissions generated through construction and operation of a site. We are planning a test at a site where we drill into a shaft to retrieve samples of water and capping materials for analysis, and then monitor the injection of heat to validate our models. The example shaft that we are proposing to work on is the Barony colliery, once the deepest in Scotland. Our project partners, East Ayrshire Council have funding for an observation hole close to the site that will provide a baseline of data for the modelling and for observing the progress of our experiment. The outputs of this work will be applicable for assessing the mine shaft thermal store resource at mine shaft sites across UK coalfields, any risks associated with utilising that resource, and the optimal way to use that resource within the local energy system. We will also provide useful new data for the more well-understood concept of extracting natural geothermally recharged heat from mine workings; for consideration of the best way to abandon active mines so that they are thermal storage-ready; produce a fully coupled THCM model of mine shafts and the surrounding rock mass; and develop the first integrated energy system model to include subsurface infrastructure and geology.

英国最后一座深层煤矿于2015年关闭。煤炭管理局有177，000个已知矿井条目的记录。该提案探讨了利用废弃矿井以热能形式在季节间储存被削减的风能的潜力。2020年，英国的弃风费用为2. 82亿英镑：足以为125万户家庭供电，相当于每兆瓦时发电4英镑。仅在东艾尔郡就有120吉瓦的“备用”电力。以前已经研究过热存储器，但受到尺寸和隔热需求的限制。洪水泛滥的矿井在英国大部分地区都很普遍，但矿井内的储热机会从未被探索过。竖井周围的岩体是绝缘体，我们财团的试点工作表明，随着岩石升温，热提取效率在短短三年内显著提高。我们将研究在大风天使用备用电力加热废弃矿井中的水的可行性，在寒冷的日子里通过热泵将水提取到家庭和企业中。英国到处都是煤矿开采时期的矿井-我们希望将这些地面上的洞变成热能储存器，以帮助平衡电网并使家庭和企业脱碳。矿井是用混凝土或砖砌成的（有时是不砌的）。为了安全有效地利用这些遗留的地下基础设施，我们需要了解矿井中的水加热对以下方面的影响：矿井中的水体，可能是自然分层的，含有可能导致污染或结垢的矿物质;衬里材料，可能在矿井关闭后的几十年内已经退化;在周围的岩石和他们所包含的水（在孔隙和裂缝）。我们将开发复杂的耦合热-液压-化学-机械（THCM）建模，通过我们从英国轴的分析中开发的案例研究以及从测试现场收集的数据提供信息。我们还将采取一种整体系统的方法来研究这样一个能源储存库如何在更广泛的能源系统中发挥作用，同时考虑到这样一个项目的经济性，以及通过建设和运营一个网站产生的任何碳排放。我们计划在一个地点进行测试，在那里我们钻入一个竖井，取回水和封盖材料的样本进行分析，然后监测热量的注入，以验证我们的模型。我们建议工作的例子是Barony煤矿，曾经是苏格兰最深的煤矿。我们的项目合作伙伴，东艾尔郡理事会有资金的观察孔接近网站，将提供一个基线的数据建模和观察我们的实验进展。这项工作的输出将适用于评估矿井热存储资源在英国煤田矿井站点，任何与利用该资源相关的风险，以及在当地能源系统中使用该资源的最佳方式。我们还将提供有用的新数据，用于更好地理解从矿井工作中提取天然地热再充电热量的概念;考虑放弃活动矿井的最佳方式，使其具备热储存条件;制作矿井和周围岩体的完全耦合THCM模型;并开发第一个集成能源系统模型，包括地下基础设施和地质。