Siemens-EPSRC: Blockchain-enabled cloud-edge coordination for demand side manangement

西门子-EPSRC：基于区块链的云边缘协调用于需求侧管理

• 批准号: EP/W028662/1
• 负责人: Fei Teng
• 金额: $ 6.41万
• 依托单位: Imperial College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FW028662%2F1
• 关键词: Siemens; EPSRC; Blockchain; enabled; cloud

To achieve the net-zero target, extremely high penetration of renewable energy resources (RES) will be integrated into the grid. The inherent uncertainty and intermittency of RES could threaten power system security by causing power imbalance, voltage violation, frequency fluctuation, and eventually a large-scale blackout, which may prevent the achievement of the net-zero target. Demand-side management (DSM) is regarded as a silver bullet to enhance the power system operational flexibility for boosting the accommodation of RES in a cost-effective manner. DSM refers to the techniques that can dynamically adjust the customer's power and energy demand based on market signals for enhancing the reliability, resilience, sustainability, security, and economics of local power systems. While the value of DSM to provide multi-provision service across the whole operation timeline, including balancing service, renewable support, network support, frequency response provision, voltage regulation provision, and capacity market, has been widely quantified, the actual implementation to achieve such value by simultaneously managing large-scale heterogeneous demand in a sustainable, privacy-preserved, and secure manner still requires further investigation.Under most of the existing schemes, DSM is performed by a remote centralized aggregator's cloud computing facility. Therefore, the onsite captured demand data has to traverse through a long physical distance to the aggregator's cloud. Although cloud computing is powerful, mature, and ubiquitous, its centralized nature suffers from the bandwidth and time delay requirement of DSM due to the massive heterogeneous data transmission through shared infrastructure. Furthermore, some industries and houses are located in the energy-poor area with less-developed infrastructure. Therefore, their data are not reachable over reliable network connections, which prevents their participation in DSM schemes. The inequality of rich and poor communities could be exacerbated by using the DSM since rich communities will better benefits from DSM. In addition, centralized computing could result in privacy concerns as each consumer is required to submit its proprietary demand data to the central aggregator's cloud center. In this context, the existing cloud computing should be expanded across multi-sites and networks for timely data processes while ensuring efficiency and robustness.This project solves the mentioned challenges by using advanced digitalization technologies. First, we investigate various frameworks for cloud-edge coordination under DSM application, which can intelligently and dynamically assign different tasks to the cloud and edge centers based on different types of service provision, the availability/capability of edge, and the choice of consumers. Second, we investigate the application of blockchain for data management and service performance evaluation for local processors, which guarantee that data authenticity and integrity are guaranteed without extra investment in hardware. As a result, even less-developed industries and houses can ensure that the stored data is secure. Moreover, the smart contract can be employed to evaluate the performance of the service provided by the demand. Finally, we propose a secure communication framework using blockchain in the wireless communication environment. A novel dynamic data integrity system combining hash, digital signature, and asymmetric encryption will be investigated to protect and transmit data for end-to-end secure interaction across the entire system, from smart meters to cloud centers. The communication framework is specially optimized for the current wireless communication network provided by the LTE and 5G base stations.

为了实现净零目标，极高的可再生能源（RES）渗透率将被纳入电网。RES固有的不确定性和不确定性可能会通过引起功率不平衡、电压违规、频率波动和最终大规模停电来威胁电力系统安全，这可能会阻止净零目标的实现。需求侧管理（DSM）被认为是一个银弹，以提高电力系统的运行灵活性，以提高在一个具有成本效益的方式容纳可再生能源。需求侧管理是指能够根据市场信号动态调整客户的电力和能源需求，以提高当地电力系统的可靠性、弹性、可持续性、安全性和经济性的技术。虽然DSM在整个操作时间轴上提供多供应服务（包括平衡服务、可再生支持、网络支持、频率响应供应、电压调节供应和容量市场）的价值已经被广泛量化，但是通过在可持续的、隐私保护的、在现有的大多数方案中，DSM由远程集中式聚合器的云计算设施执行。因此，现场捕获的需求数据必须穿越很长的物理距离到达聚合器的云。虽然云计算是强大的，成熟的，无处不在的，其集中的性质遭受的带宽和时间延迟需求的DSM由于通过共享基础设施的大量异构数据传输。此外，一些工业和住房位于能源贫乏地区，基础设施欠发达。因此，他们的数据无法通过可靠的网络连接到达，这阻止了他们参与DSM计划。使用DSM可能会加剧贫富社区的不平等，因为富裕社区将更好地从DSM中受益。此外，集中式计算可能会导致隐私问题，因为每个消费者都需要将其专有的需求数据提交给中央聚合器的云中心。在此背景下，现有的云计算应该扩展到多个站点和网络，以便在确保效率和鲁棒性的同时及时处理数据。该项目通过使用先进的数字化技术解决了上述挑战。首先，我们研究了DSM应用下的云边缘协调的各种框架，这些框架可以根据不同类型的服务提供、边缘的可用性/能力以及消费者的选择，智能、动态地向云和边缘中心分配不同的任务。其次，我们研究了区块链在本地处理器的数据管理和服务性能评估中的应用，这保证了数据的真实性和完整性，而无需额外的硬件投资。因此，即使是欠发达的行业和家庭也可以确保存储的数据是安全的。此外，智能合约可以用来评估需求提供的服务的性能。最后，我们提出了一个在无线通信环境中使用区块链的安全通信框架。将研究一种结合哈希、数字签名和非对称加密的新型动态数据完整性系统，以保护和传输数据，实现从智能电表到云中心的整个系统的端到端安全交互。该通信框架专门针对LTE和5G基站提供的当前无线通信网络进行了优化。

项目成果

Vulnerability and Impact of Machine Learning-Based Inertia Forecasting Under Cost-Oriented Data Integrity Attack

• DOI: 10.1109/tsg.2022.3207517
• 发表时间: 2023-05
• 期刊: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid
• 影响因子: 9.6
• 作者: Yan Chen;Mingyang Sun;Zhongda Chu;Simon Camal;G. Kariniotakis;F. Teng

Fixed-Time Convergent Distributed Observer Design of Linear Systems: A Kernel-Based Approach

线性系统的固定时间收敛分布式观测器设计：基于核的方法

• DOI: 10.1109/tac.2022.3212005
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
• 影响因子: 6.8
• 作者: Ge P

Mitigating Load-Altering Attacks Against Power Grids Using Cyber-Resilient Economic Dispatch

使用网络弹性经济调度减轻针对电网的负载改变攻击

• DOI: 10.1109/tsg.2022.3231563
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid
• 影响因子: 9.6
• 作者: Chu Z

AdapSafe: Adaptive and Safe-Certified Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Frequency Control for Carbon-Neutral Power Systems

• DOI: 10.1609/aaai.v37i4.25660
• 发表时间: 2023-06
• 作者: Xu Wan;Mingyang Sun;Boli Chen;Zhongda Chu;F. Teng

Cyber-Physical Interdependent Restoration Scheduling for Active Distribution Network via Ad Hoc Wireless Communication

• DOI: 10.1109/tsg.2023.3244785
• 发表时间: 2022-11
• 期刊: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid
• 影响因子: 9.6
• 作者: Chongyu Wang;Mingyu Yan;Kaiyuan Pang;F. Wen;Fei Teng