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Zero-Chem: Zerogap bipolar membrane electrolyser for CO2 reduction to chemicals & fuels

Zero-Chem：Zerogap 双极膜电解槽，用于将二氧化碳还原为化学品

基本信息

批准号：
EP/W038021/1
负责人：
Alexander Cowan
金额：
$ 31.44万
依托单位：
University of Liverpool
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2022 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FW038021%2F1
关键词：
Zero Chem Zerogap bipolar membrane

项目摘要

Carbon dioxide is a waste molecule that is generated by many industries and processes. Humanity is striving to prevent the production of carbon dioxide by industrial processes but emissions from certain sectors such as steel manufacture, cement production and brewing are difficult to prevent. But carbon dioxide should not just be thought of as a waste product, it can be converted, essentially chemically recycled, to make the energy rich fuels and products (e.g. jet fuel, plastics, medicines) on which society relies. Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction is one of the most promising ways to convert carbon dioxide to useful products. The generation of storable, high energy density, fuels using only water, waste carbon dioxide and renewable power is particularly attractive as way to addressing seasonal energy storage. Displacement of carbon dioxide derived products for the chemicals and pharmaceuticals industries, a sector which employs more than 150,000 people in the UK and generates more than £25 billion in value, can also play an important role in achieving net-zero by displacing existing virigin fossil derived carbon products. Impressive lab based results are being achieved for electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction at room temperature but the current generation of devices have a fundamental flaw. They use conditions where hydroxide is either generated or already present at the site of carbon dioxide reduction. Hydroxide reacts rapidly with carbon dioxide to form carbonate and bicarbonate, meaning that it is no longer available for conversion. This leads to solids forming and device failure as well as lowering the efficiency of the device. It is estimated that recovering the carbon dioxide adds at least 50% to the energy of cost of conversion. In many cases the energy cost associated with the reaction between hydroxide and carbon dioxide exceeds the energy content of the carbon based fuel or feedstock stored. Rather than being fuel generating devices many carbon dioxide electrolysers are fuel wasting.Carbonate and bicarbonate are not formed in acids, they are not stable. Instead the carbon dioxide remains available for conversion. But in acids all of the current generation of carbon dioxide reduction electrodes that use precious metals (e.g. gold, silver) do not produce carbon products, instead only hydrogen is made. The dogma of the community is that the catalyst site must not be operated at low pH as the catalysts do not work. The ZeroChem approach is simple - if thecatalyst does not work under the conditions that are required for the process to operate effectively then the catalyst needs to be redesigned. This feasibility study will assess if gas diffusion electrodes can be made which operate in strong acid. We will then demonstrate their use in a novel type of zero-gap bipolar membrane electrolyser to deliver an entirely new approach to carbon dioxide utilisation.

二氧化碳是一种由许多工业和过程产生的废物分子。人类正在努力防止工业过程产生二氧化碳，但钢铁制造、水泥生产和酿造等某些部门的排放很难阻止。但是二氧化碳不应该仅仅被认为是一种废物，它可以被转化，基本上是化学回收，以制造社会所依赖的富含能量的燃料和产品（例如喷气燃料、塑料、药品）。电催化二氧化碳还原是将二氧化碳转化为有用产品的最有前途的方法之一。可储存的、高能量密度的、仅使用水、二氧化碳和可再生能源的燃料，作为解决季节性能源储存问题的方法，尤其具有吸引力。在英国，化学和制药行业雇佣了超过15万人，创造了超过250亿英镑的价值，取代二氧化碳衍生产品也可以通过取代现有的原始化石衍生碳产品，在实现净零排放方面发挥重要作用。室温下的电催化二氧化碳还原实验取得了令人印象深刻的结果，但目前这一代的设备有一个根本性的缺陷。他们使用的条件是氢氧化物要么生成，要么已经存在于二氧化碳还原的地方。氢氧化物与二氧化碳迅速反应生成碳酸盐和重碳酸盐，这意味着它不再可用于转化。这将导致固相形成和设备失效，并降低设备的效率。据估计，回收二氧化碳至少要增加50%的能源转化成本。在许多情况下，与氢氧化物和二氧化碳之间的反应有关的能源成本超过了所储存的碳基燃料或原料的能量含量。许多二氧化碳电解槽不是燃料产生装置，而是燃料浪费装置。碳酸盐和重碳酸盐不能在酸中形成，它们不稳定。相反，二氧化碳仍可用于转化。但在酸中，目前所有使用贵金属（如金、银）的二氧化碳还原电极都不产生碳产物，而只产生氢。社区的教条是催化剂部位不能在低pH下操作，因为催化剂不起作用。ZeroChem的方法很简单，如果催化剂不能在工艺有效运行所需的条件下工作，则需要重新设计催化剂。这项可行性研究将评估是否可以制造在强酸中工作的气体扩散电极。然后，我们将展示它们在新型零间隙双极膜电解槽中的应用，以提供一种全新的二氧化碳利用方法。