Linking Particulate Matter Oxidative Potential to Atmospheric Conditions and Particle Composition

将颗粒物氧化电位与大气条件和颗粒成分联系起来

• 批准号: EP/X030237/1
• 负责人: David Green
• 金额: $ 24.26万
• 依托单位: Imperial College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FX030237%2F1
• 关键词: Linking; Particulate; Matter; Oxidative; Potential

Air pollution exposure is a major global health issue; 99% of the world's population in 2019 lived in places where air quality standards exceed recent guideline limits set by the world health organisation (WHO), and is attributed to over 7 million premature deaths per year. The WHO recently reduced air quality guideline limits for exposure to airborne particulate matter less than 2.5 um in diameter (PM2.5) from 10 ug m-3 to 5 ug m-3 annual mean exposure, as PM is the most toxic component of air pollution and a major global health burden. Despite compelling evidence specifically linking exposure to particulate matter (PM) with adverse health effects, the health-relevant chemical components of PM, and the mechanisms by which they induce toxicity upon exposure, remain highly uncertain. Recent studies have widely suggested that PM oxidative potential (OP), a biologically relevant chemical metric describing intrinsic PM toxicity, is key to determining the health effects of PM exposure. However, accurate quantification of OP has been hindered by lack of suitable measurement methods, as many chemical components contributing to OP are short-lived and in low ambient concentrations, posing a significant analytical-chemical challenge. Current policy seeks to abate all sources of PM to reduce health impacts; this is not a cost-effective and is an inefficient approach to reducing the health burden of PM exposure. Thus, OP has the potential to quantify the drivers and specific sources that are responsible for observed health effects, which is crucial for governments to efficiently respond to recent WHO policy changes. However, robust and accurate quantification is essential to determine the sources, atmospheric drivers and health-outcomes related to OP exposure. My project represents the first application of a novel instrument that I developed during my PhD and post-doctoral career. The Online Oxidative Potential Ascorbic Acid Instrument (OOPAAI) can quantify PM OP in situ with a time resolution of 10 minutes, providing vastly improved quantification of PM OP by providing more robust and accurate OP measurement, eliminating measurement artefacts as a result of offline analysis, and providing highly time resolved data thus capturing OP changes on atmospherically relevant timescales. This method will be deployed in laboratory studies, probing fundamental chemical drivers of PM OP and ambient field campaigns alongside ongoing established atmospheric pollution measurements, mapping the temporal and spatial variability of OP across several different environments in the UK. This project will substantially improve our understanding of the physical and chemical atmospheric components influencing OP. Furthermore, it will help clarify the different contexts within which PM OP is most prevalent at a time when the contributors to ambient PM concentrations are changing due to local, national and international emission abatement policies. The outputs of this project will provide vital evidence linking sources to intrinsic PM toxicity, and establish a novel method for reproducible, robust and long- term measurements which are essential in order to correlate PM OP with health outcomes in future epidemiological studies.

空气污染暴露是一个重大的全球健康问题; 2019年，世界上99%的人口生活在空气质量标准超过世界卫生组织（WHO）最近制定的指导标准的地方，每年有700多万人过早死亡。世卫组织最近将空气质量指南中直径小于2.5微米的空气悬浮颗粒物（PM2.5）暴露限值从10 ug m-3年平均暴露量降至5 ug m-3年平均暴露量，因为PM是空气污染中毒性最大的成分，也是全球主要的健康负担。尽管有令人信服的证据明确表明接触颗粒物（PM）与不良健康影响有关，但PM中与健康相关的化学成分及其在接触时诱导毒性的机制仍然高度不确定。最近的研究广泛表明，PM氧化电位（OP），一种描述PM内在毒性的生物相关化学指标，是确定PM暴露对健康影响的关键。然而，由于缺乏合适的测量方法，OP的准确定量受到阻碍，因为许多导致OP的化学成分寿命短且环境浓度低，这对分析化学构成了重大挑战。目前的政策旨在减少PM的所有来源，以减少对健康的影响;这不是一个具有成本效益的方法，也是一个降低PM暴露的健康负担的低效方法。因此，业务政策有可能量化导致观察到的健康影响的驱动因素和具体来源，这对于政府有效应对世卫组织最近的政策变化至关重要。然而，稳健和准确的量化对于确定与OP暴露相关的来源、大气驱动因素和健康结果至关重要。我的项目代表了我在博士和博士后生涯中开发的一种新型仪器的第一次应用。在线氧化电位抗坏血酸仪器（OOPAAI）可以以10分钟的时间分辨率原位量化PM OP，通过提供更稳健和准确的OP测量来大大改进PM OP的量化，消除离线分析导致的测量伪影，并提供高度时间分辨的数据，从而在大气相关的时间尺度上捕获OP变化。这种方法将部署在实验室研究中，探测PM OP和环境领域活动的基本化学驱动因素，以及正在进行的大气污染测量，绘制OP在英国几个不同环境中的时空变异性。该项目将大大提高我们的物理和化学大气成分影响OP的理解。此外，它将有助于澄清不同的背景下，PM OP是最普遍的时间，当环境PM浓度的贡献者正在改变，由于当地，国家和国际减排政策。该项目的结果将提供将来源与PM内在毒性联系起来的重要证据，并建立一种可重复、稳健和长期测量的新方法，这对于在未来的流行病学研究中将PM OP与健康结果相关联至关重要。