DIET, MATERNAL NUTRITIONAL STATUS, BLOOD PRESSURE AND FETAL GROWTH

这项研究由阿迪斯市理事会赞助， 低收入家庭的健康和营养评估， 为妇女和儿童规划食物补充方案。 这 由于价格突然上涨， 在执行政府政策后，基本食品的供应情况 主张由国家控制生产和分配 基本商品。 家庭饮食对胎儿生长影响的研究起源于 观察到，在埃塞俄比亚，严重缺乏粮食能源， 虽然这种情况普遍存在，但胎儿生长似乎没有相应的缺陷。 这一观察结果与人们普遍认为的饮食 怀孕期间能量不足会导致胎儿生长迟缓。 然而，最近的一些证据表明，胎儿的生长是 通过适应性过程来保护。 在可能的适应机制中， 1）更高的体力工作效率; 2）更大的动员， 母体能量储备（脂肪沉积）;以及3）血液动力学调整 以维持足够的子宫灌注。 迄今为止的数据分析表明，膳食能量不足， 收入家庭与营养状况不足有关 在妊娠晚期和产褥期的孕妇， 通过减少皮褶厚度和身体质量指数。 晚期 在营养不良的患者中，舒张压显著降低， 孕妇 虽然在180 g的统计学显著差异， 在营养不良者的后代和 由于营养充足，目前尚不清楚这种差异是否是由于 独自节食

The study was sponsored by the City Council of Addis Ababa as part of health and nutritional assessment of low income families prior to planning a food supplementation program for women and children. This particular program was initiated because of sudden increase in the price of essential food items following implementation of government policies that preferred state control of production and distribution of all essential commodities. The study of the effect of home diet on fetal growth arose from the observation that in Ethiopia, where severe deficiency in food energy is prevalent, there appears to be no corresponding deficit in fetal growth. This observation is at variance with the generally held view that dietary energy deficit during pregnancy leads to fetal growth retardation. However, several lines of recent evidence suggest that fetal growth is protected through adaptive processes. Among possible adaptive mechanisms area: 1) higher physical work efficiency; 2) greater mobilization of maternal energy reserves (fat deposits); and 3) hemodynamic adjustments to maintain adequate uterine perfusion. Data analysis to date showed that the dietary energy deficits in low income families were associated with deficiencies in nutritional status of the gravida during the third trimester and the puerperium as reflected by reduced skinfold thickness and body mass index. Third trimester diastolic blood pressure was significantly reduced in poorly nourished gravida. Although a statistically significant difference of 180 g in birth weight was detected between the offspring of the undernourished and adequately nourished, it is not yet clear whether this difference is due to diet alone.