LIB Sparks - Gases, sparks and flames - a numerical study of lithium-ion battery failure in closed spaces and its mitigation

锂离子电池（LIB）在欧盟创造碳中和经济方面发挥着关键作用。然而，在热/机械/电滥用下，LIB的电解质溶剂蒸发和沸腾，导致内部压力和温度升高以释放有毒气体，随后其他电池组件分解，释放易燃气体和火花，导致热失控（TR）和火灾。然而，洞察是缺乏的有毒气体和火花的排放，这可以帮助缓解措施的发展，以提高LIB safety.The项目的目的是开发和验证一个强大的模型的框架内的开源计算流体动力学（CFD）代码OpenFOAM的TR演化和TR在封闭集群/包的传播的整个过程。具体目标包括：1.开发一种可靠的建模方法，用于TR期间可燃气体的生成和伴随的电池内部压力上升，并使用已发表和新出现的文献数据验证模型。利用验证后的模型填补了整个TR演化过程的实验空白，并预测了喷射时的气体组成和温度.开发一种可行的方法，从已发表的测量结果中获得粒度分布和组成.扩展模型，以解决摩擦充电，电弧和火花加热效应.模拟气体和颗粒的喷射以及由此产生的火灾。6.模拟闭胞团簇研究火花对TR传播的影响，并与文献数据进行验证.提出并评估潜在的保护和缓解措施。目标可以通过在开发的不同阶段验证的成功来衡量。开发将由主机的另一位研究人员独立运行模拟来验证。

Lithium-ion battery (LIB) plays a key role towards creating a carbon-neutral economy in the EU. However, under thermal/mechanical/ electric abuse, the electrolyte solvents of LIBs evaporate and boil, leading to internal pressure and temperature rise to release toxic gases, followed by decomposition of other cell components, releasing flammable gases and sparks leading to thermal runaway (TR) and fire. Insight is, however, lacking about the emissions of toxic gases and sparks, which can help development of mitigation measures to improve LIB safety.The project aims to develop and validate a robust model within the frame of open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code OpenFOAM for the whole process of TR evolution and the propagation of TR in closed clusters/packs. The specific objectives include:1. Develop a robust modelling approach for the generation of flammable gases and the accompanying cell internal pressure rise during TR and validate the model with published and emerging literature data.2. Use the validated model to fill the experimental gaps about the whole process of TR evolution and predict the gas composition and temperature at the time of ejections.3. Develop a viable approach to obtain particle size distribution and composition from the published measurements.4. Extend the model to address the tribo-electric charging, electric arcing and heating effects of the sparks.5. Simulate ejections of gases and particles as well as the resulting fire in the open.6. Simulate closed cell clusters to examine the effects of sparks on TR propagation and validate with literature data.7. Propose and evaluate potential protection and mitigation measures.The objectives can be measured by the success of validation at different stages of the development. The development will be verified by another researcher of the host running simulations independently.