SPONTANEOUS MUTATION RATES AMONG RNA VIRUSES

长期以来，人们从轶事证据中得知，RNA病毒在 更高的速率，但很少进行速率测量， 准确地 一个简单的理论被建立来转换突变频率 使用RNA的裂解和逆转录病毒系统中的突变率 基因组 在文献中发现了一组突变频率 可以转换成突变率。 几个国家的平均利率 裂解病毒（噬菌体O β脊髓灰质炎病毒、流感病毒A和囊泡病毒 口腔炎病毒）在每个基因组中的比例接近1， 复制的 因此，这些生物体的突变率 这与生存是一致的。 三种逆转录病毒表现出 小了几倍，但仍然远远高于基于DNA的微生物。

RNA viruses have long been known from anecdotal evidence to mutate at high rates, but few rate measurements have been performed, and none accurately. Simple theory was constructed to convert mutant frequencies into mutation rates in both lytic and retroviral systems employing RNA genomes. A set of mutant frequencies was discovered in the literature that could be converted into mutation rates. The median rate for several lytic viruses (phage O beta poliovirus, influenze A and vesicular stomatitis viruses) was in the neighborhood of 1 per genome pre replication. Thus, these organisms have mutation rates about as large as is consistent with survival. Three retroviruses exhibited rates several-fold smaller, but still far higher than for DNA-based microbes.