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Sex Entertainment Venues: Regulating Working Conditions

性娱乐场所：规范工作条件

基本信息

批准号：
ES/J000035/1
负责人：
T Sanders
金额：
$ 12.11万
依托单位：
University of Leeds
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2011 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FJ000035%2F1
关键词：
Sex Entertainment Venues Regulating Working

项目摘要

Women who work in the lap dancing industry are stigmatised and often exploited by unregulated working environments making the work precarious, unstable and potentially unsafe. Aside from moral opinions regarding how they earn money, thousands of women each night in the UK are taking part in exotic dance to earn a living. The conditions under which they work are mostly unregulated, as current regulation focuses on the premises and the external aspects of regulation such as fire regulations, door security and selling alcohol. How the dancers experience their jobs is currently not considered a regulatory concern. In a recent ESRC project involving a large scale survey of 200 dancers and follow up interviews with 30 dancers and 60 other people involved in the industry (club managers, owners, door staff, 'house mums', health and safety officers, police, licensing officers etc), we exposed the motivations for dancing and their experiences as self employed independent contractors. This research is innovative as it moves away from the existing literature on lap dancing which focuses on the identities and emotional management strategies of the dancers and their relationships with the customers. For the first time, this research project examines the dancers experiences as workers. Two important themes came out of the research. First, that the status of 'self employed' is misleading. Financial exploitation from management was a concern expressed by participants: fees paid to work in the club were often high, along with random fines, internal tipping systems, and the threat of instant dismissal. Safety inside the clubs, especially in private closed-off spaces was another concern for some participants. Working long hours throughout the night with few facilities or a space to rest and refresh were the kinds of issues that dancers felt made their jobs difficult. Secondly, the majority of dancers were young, single women under 30 years of age, and were also in other forms of low paid jobs (such as retail, beauty, and bar work) and/or were also studying. The group who mainly used dancing as their sole income were migrant women. For all of the participants, dancing was considered a highly flexible job but at the same time could not be relied on due to the volatile and unstable nature of the industry. Therefore dancing was used strategically to manoeuvre out of precarious employment prospects and to build a more secure and financially stable future. The researchers believe that these two findings can be acted upon and made relevant to policy and practice in an attempt to improve the working conditions for the women who work in the clubs. This proposed project comes at a time when there has been some new laws introduced in 2010 to govern the way in which lap dancing clubs operate and change how they are licensed. This programme of work will take key research findings forward to a non-academic audience made up of policy makers, licensing practitioners, unions and industry members who can act upon them and improve standards through the licensing processes. The project will work with the HM Revenue & Customs to provide education and workplace rights information to dancers regarding paying tax and the benefits of doing so. Information in an accessible form will be given to unions and representative groups who can take forward this campaign for better working conditions. Partnership work will also be conducted with West Yorkshire Police Community Safety Team to develop safety information and a clear line of reporting incidents. To do this we will write five bespoke briefing papers and create two visual summaries so that the findings from the research can be understood without dense text and statistics. In all of our activities dancers will be consulted and integrated into the planning and delivery of the activities to ensure that their input shapes the materials created. A website will allow these materials to be permanently available.

在艳舞行业工作的女性被污名化，经常受到不受监管的工作环境的剥削，这使得她们的工作不稳定、不稳定，甚至可能不安全。除了关于她们如何挣钱的道德观点外，英国每天晚上都有成千上万的女性参加异国情调的舞蹈来谋生。他们的工作条件大多不受监管，因为目前的监管侧重于场所和监管的外部方面，如消防法规、门保安和销售酒精。目前，舞者如何体验他们的工作并不是监管机构关注的问题。在最近的一个ESRC项目中，我们对200名舞者进行了大规模调查，并对30名舞者和60名其他与该行业相关的人（俱乐部经理、老板、门房工作人员、“管家”、健康和安全官员、警察、许可官员等）进行了后续采访，我们揭示了跳舞的动机和他们作为自由职业者的经历。这项研究是创新的，因为它远离了现有的关于大腿舞的文献，这些文献关注的是舞者的身份和情感管理策略以及他们与客户的关系。这个研究项目第一次考察了舞者作为工人的经历。这项研究得出了两个重要的主题。首先，“个体经营者”的地位具有误导性。来自管理层的经济剥削是参与者表达的一个担忧：在俱乐部工作的费用通常很高，还有随机罚款，内部小费制度，以及立即解雇的威胁。俱乐部内部的安全，尤其是私人封闭空间的安全，是一些参与者担心的另一个问题。整夜长时间工作，几乎没有什么设施或空间来休息和恢复，这些问题让舞者们觉得工作很困难。其次，大多数舞者都是30岁以下的年轻单身女性，也从事其他形式的低薪工作（如零售、美容和酒吧工作）和/或也在学习。主要以跳舞作为唯一收入的群体是移民妇女。对于所有的参与者来说，舞蹈被认为是一个高度灵活的工作，但同时也不能依靠，因为这个行业的波动性和不稳定性。因此，舞蹈被战略性地用于摆脱不稳定的就业前景，并建立一个更安全和财政稳定的未来。研究人员认为，这两项发现可以作为政策和实践的依据，以改善在俱乐部工作的女性的工作条件。2010年出台了一些新法律来管理艳舞俱乐部的运营方式，并改变了它们的许可方式，这一提议的项目应运而生。这项工作方案将把主要的研究成果提交给由决策者、许可从业人员、工会和行业成员组成的非学术受众，他们可以根据这些成果采取行动，并通过许可程序提高标准。该项目将与英国税务海关总署合作，向舞者提供有关纳税及其好处的教育和工作场所权利信息。将向工会和代表团体提供无障碍形式的信息，他们可以推动这一争取改善工作条件的运动。合作工作也将与西约克郡警察社区安全小组进行，以制定安全信息和明确的事件报告线。为此，我们将编写五份定制的简报文件，并创建两份视觉摘要，以便无需密集的文本和统计数据就可以理解研究结果。在我们所有的活动中，我们都会咨询舞蹈演员，并将他们融入到活动的规划和交付中，以确保他们的投入塑造了创作的材料。一个网站将允许这些材料永久可用。